NURS 611 PATHO EXAM 1 [MARYVILLE] EXAM WITH
QUESTIONS AND WELL VERIFIED ANSWERS [ALREADY
GRADED A+} REAL EXAM !! REAL EXAM!!!!
What does the nucleus contain? - ANS✔✔---nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of? - ANS✔✔---RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins,
and histones
Why are histone important? - ANS✔✔---histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes
(chromatin) which is essential for cell division
What are ribosomes? - ANS✔✔---RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the
nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes (NPCs)
Where can ribosomes be found? - ANS✔✔---cytoplasm and rough ER
,what are ribosomes chief function? - ANS✔✔---provides sits for cellular protein synthesis
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)? - ANS✔✔---a network of flatten, smooth membranes and
vesicles frequently located near the nucleus of the cell
Apoptosis - ANS✔✔---A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-
destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations
Necrosis - ANS✔✔---Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling, mitochondria
dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the kidney and heart) - ANS✔✔--
-hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - ANS✔✔---ischemia
Main component of a cell - ANS✔✔---nucleus
Apoptosis - ANS✔✔---A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-
destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations
Necrosis - ANS✔✔---Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling, mitochondria
dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the kidney and heart) - ANS✔✔--
-hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - ANS✔✔---ischemia
Main component of a cell - ANS✔✔---nucleus
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - ANS✔✔---takes proteins from the ER and processes/packages
them into small membrane-bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in
the cell
, What are lysosomes and what do they do? - ANS✔✔---maintain cellular health by removal of toxic
cellular components, removal of useless organelles, termination of signal transduction, and signals
cellular adaption
How does aging affect lysosomes? - ANS✔✔---leads to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency which
declines the regenerative capacity of organs and tissue
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve what two things (2), and
metabolizes what three things (3)? - ANS✔✔---1- metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form metabolic dearangements? - ANS✔✔---
carbs, proteins, and lipids
What is physiologic atrophy? - ANS✔✔---occurs in early development. ex: thymus glad during
childhood
What is pathologic atrophy? - ANS✔✔---occurs as a result of decreases in workload, use, pressure,
blood supply, nutrition, and hormonal stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in response to decreased hormonal stimulation. and an pt
immobilized in bed for a prolonged time
what is hypertrophy? - ANS✔✔---increase in cell size
What functions do lysosomal components integrate? - ANS✔✔---nutrient abundance, energy levels,
and cell stressors and will translate them into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward
either proliferation or inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for? - ANS✔✔---cellular respiration, cellular metabolism , and
energy production
QUESTIONS AND WELL VERIFIED ANSWERS [ALREADY
GRADED A+} REAL EXAM !! REAL EXAM!!!!
What does the nucleus contain? - ANS✔✔---nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of? - ANS✔✔---RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins,
and histones
Why are histone important? - ANS✔✔---histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes
(chromatin) which is essential for cell division
What are ribosomes? - ANS✔✔---RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the
nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes (NPCs)
Where can ribosomes be found? - ANS✔✔---cytoplasm and rough ER
,what are ribosomes chief function? - ANS✔✔---provides sits for cellular protein synthesis
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)? - ANS✔✔---a network of flatten, smooth membranes and
vesicles frequently located near the nucleus of the cell
Apoptosis - ANS✔✔---A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-
destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations
Necrosis - ANS✔✔---Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling, mitochondria
dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the kidney and heart) - ANS✔✔--
-hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - ANS✔✔---ischemia
Main component of a cell - ANS✔✔---nucleus
Apoptosis - ANS✔✔---A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-
destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations
Necrosis - ANS✔✔---Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling, mitochondria
dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the kidney and heart) - ANS✔✔--
-hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - ANS✔✔---ischemia
Main component of a cell - ANS✔✔---nucleus
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - ANS✔✔---takes proteins from the ER and processes/packages
them into small membrane-bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in
the cell
, What are lysosomes and what do they do? - ANS✔✔---maintain cellular health by removal of toxic
cellular components, removal of useless organelles, termination of signal transduction, and signals
cellular adaption
How does aging affect lysosomes? - ANS✔✔---leads to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency which
declines the regenerative capacity of organs and tissue
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve what two things (2), and
metabolizes what three things (3)? - ANS✔✔---1- metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form metabolic dearangements? - ANS✔✔---
carbs, proteins, and lipids
What is physiologic atrophy? - ANS✔✔---occurs in early development. ex: thymus glad during
childhood
What is pathologic atrophy? - ANS✔✔---occurs as a result of decreases in workload, use, pressure,
blood supply, nutrition, and hormonal stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in response to decreased hormonal stimulation. and an pt
immobilized in bed for a prolonged time
what is hypertrophy? - ANS✔✔---increase in cell size
What functions do lysosomal components integrate? - ANS✔✔---nutrient abundance, energy levels,
and cell stressors and will translate them into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward
either proliferation or inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for? - ANS✔✔---cellular respiration, cellular metabolism , and
energy production
