ANSC 4395 Exam
What is Animal Breeding - ANSWER Scientific field that uses the principles of
genetics to aid in the improvement of livestock.
What are the 3 classes of cattle? - ANSWER British
American
Exotics- usually European
Who is Robert Bakewell? - ANSWER "Father of Animal Breeding"
- Leased out Bulls
What did Robert Bakewell not hesitate to mate? - ANSWER "best to the best" with
little regard to ancestry. Not afraid to inbreed.
What was one of the first organized breeds of livestock in 1580? - ANSWER
Shorthorns
Who is Gregor Mendel? - ANSWER He established basic genetic principles that are
still accepted today.
What did Gregor Mendel study? - ANSWER The genetics of the garden pea.
Population Genetics - ANSWER Branch of genetics which deals with the factors that
affect the genetic structure of populations.
*what % of alleles and genotypes*
What two guys were involved with population genetics? - ANSWER 1. Dr. Sewell
Wright
2. Sir Ronald Fisher
Dr. Wright did research with who? - ANSWER USDA and then later at the University
of Chicago
Worked at the Rothamstead Experiment Station in Great Britain. - ANSWER Dr.
Fisher
Dr. Jay Lush - ANSWER "Father of MODERN animal breeding"
*established a formal theoretical framework to the science of animal breeding*
Dr. Jay Lush established what principles? - ANSWER The principles of selection,
the use of inbreeding to conserve genes of some individuals, and crossbreeding
systems to take advantage of HYBRID VIGOR.
During the last 30 or 40 years, the use of what has greatly enhanced the potential for
genetic change? - ANSWER Computers/ technology
, Artificial Insemination and embryo transfer have allowed for what? - ANSWER
Faster progeny testing and selection has become much more efficient.
What is the primary goal of animal breeders? - ANSWER Identify animals with
desirable genes and increase the frequency of those genes.
*they want a bunch, they're the ones they select to be parents to pass on the good
genes*
What is the best animal? - ANSWER -Lab- Show winner or best retriever
-Cattle- cutability/% muscle (limousin) or quality grade (angus)
-Dairy Cattle- most milk or best udder, feet and legs.
**all depends on what they want as "best"**
In the 50-60s how were cattle bred? - ANSWER Short/stubby
How were cattle bred in the 80s? - ANSWER tall, large
How are cattle bred today? - ANSWER Moderate (between)
How do you breed an animal so offspring will be the best or better than the parents?
- ANSWER -Selection-want genetic improvement, identify best animals and breed
those.
-Genetic principles
-Animal breeding technologies
Systems Approach - ANSWER More OBJECTIVE means of determining the best
animal.
Systems Approach requires what? - ANSWER A detailed knowledge of importance
and how performance in these traits interact with such factors as the
ENVIORNMENT, MANAGEMENT POLICIES, COSTS, and REVENUES.
System - ANSWER a group of interdependent component parts.
*use when selecting best genetics*
Example of systems- Consider the system that is a single ranch: - ANSWER
Components: animals (genotypes), physical environment, fixed resources,
management, and economics.
*Systems Approach*
Animal- - ANSWER Characteristic genotype(s), may be more than one.
- Small size, low feed intake, low production, high milkfat. (not much to maintain)-
*low lbs --> high dairy*
- Large size, large intake, high production, low milkfat. (more to maintain)-*high lbs
--> low dairy*
*Systems Approach*
What is Animal Breeding - ANSWER Scientific field that uses the principles of
genetics to aid in the improvement of livestock.
What are the 3 classes of cattle? - ANSWER British
American
Exotics- usually European
Who is Robert Bakewell? - ANSWER "Father of Animal Breeding"
- Leased out Bulls
What did Robert Bakewell not hesitate to mate? - ANSWER "best to the best" with
little regard to ancestry. Not afraid to inbreed.
What was one of the first organized breeds of livestock in 1580? - ANSWER
Shorthorns
Who is Gregor Mendel? - ANSWER He established basic genetic principles that are
still accepted today.
What did Gregor Mendel study? - ANSWER The genetics of the garden pea.
Population Genetics - ANSWER Branch of genetics which deals with the factors that
affect the genetic structure of populations.
*what % of alleles and genotypes*
What two guys were involved with population genetics? - ANSWER 1. Dr. Sewell
Wright
2. Sir Ronald Fisher
Dr. Wright did research with who? - ANSWER USDA and then later at the University
of Chicago
Worked at the Rothamstead Experiment Station in Great Britain. - ANSWER Dr.
Fisher
Dr. Jay Lush - ANSWER "Father of MODERN animal breeding"
*established a formal theoretical framework to the science of animal breeding*
Dr. Jay Lush established what principles? - ANSWER The principles of selection,
the use of inbreeding to conserve genes of some individuals, and crossbreeding
systems to take advantage of HYBRID VIGOR.
During the last 30 or 40 years, the use of what has greatly enhanced the potential for
genetic change? - ANSWER Computers/ technology
, Artificial Insemination and embryo transfer have allowed for what? - ANSWER
Faster progeny testing and selection has become much more efficient.
What is the primary goal of animal breeders? - ANSWER Identify animals with
desirable genes and increase the frequency of those genes.
*they want a bunch, they're the ones they select to be parents to pass on the good
genes*
What is the best animal? - ANSWER -Lab- Show winner or best retriever
-Cattle- cutability/% muscle (limousin) or quality grade (angus)
-Dairy Cattle- most milk or best udder, feet and legs.
**all depends on what they want as "best"**
In the 50-60s how were cattle bred? - ANSWER Short/stubby
How were cattle bred in the 80s? - ANSWER tall, large
How are cattle bred today? - ANSWER Moderate (between)
How do you breed an animal so offspring will be the best or better than the parents?
- ANSWER -Selection-want genetic improvement, identify best animals and breed
those.
-Genetic principles
-Animal breeding technologies
Systems Approach - ANSWER More OBJECTIVE means of determining the best
animal.
Systems Approach requires what? - ANSWER A detailed knowledge of importance
and how performance in these traits interact with such factors as the
ENVIORNMENT, MANAGEMENT POLICIES, COSTS, and REVENUES.
System - ANSWER a group of interdependent component parts.
*use when selecting best genetics*
Example of systems- Consider the system that is a single ranch: - ANSWER
Components: animals (genotypes), physical environment, fixed resources,
management, and economics.
*Systems Approach*
Animal- - ANSWER Characteristic genotype(s), may be more than one.
- Small size, low feed intake, low production, high milkfat. (not much to maintain)-
*low lbs --> high dairy*
- Large size, large intake, high production, low milkfat. (more to maintain)-*high lbs
--> low dairy*
*Systems Approach*
