NUR 280 Exam with complete solutions
2024/2025
Sodium - ANSWER-135-145 mEq/L
Potassium - ANSWER-3.5-5.5 mEq/L
Calcium - ANSWER-8.5-10.9 mg/L
Chloride - ANSWER-95-105 m Eq/L
Magnesium - ANSWER-1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Phosphorus - ANSWER-2.5-4.5 mg/dL
RBC - ANSWER-4.5-5.0 million
WBC - ANSWER-5,000-10,000
Plt. - ANSWER-200,000-400,000
Hgb - ANSWER-12-16 gms women; 14-18 gms men
HCO3 - ANSWER-24-26 mEq/L
CO2 - ANSWER-35-45 mEq/L
PaO2 - ANSWER-80%-100%
SaO2 - ANSWER-> 95%
,Glucose - ANSWER-70-110 mg/dL
Specific gravity - ANSWER-1.010-1.030
BUN - ANSWER-7-22 mg/dL
Serum creatinine - ANSWER-0.6-1.35 mg/dL (< 2 in older adults)
LDH - ANSWER-100-190 U/L
CPK - ANSWER-21-232 U/L
Uric acid - ANSWER-3.5-7.5 mg/dL
Triglyceride - ANSWER-<150 mg/dL
Total cholesterol - ANSWER-130-200 mg/dL
Bilirubin - ANSWER-< 1.0 mg/dL
Protein - ANSWER-6.2-8.1 g/dL
Albumin - ANSWER-3.4-5.0 g/dL
Digoxin - ANSWER-0.5-2.0 ng/ml
Lithium - ANSWER-0.8-1.5 mEq/L
Dilantin - ANSWER-10-20 mcg/dL
Theophylline - ANSWER-10-20 mcg/dL
FHR - ANSWER-120-160 BPM.
Variability - ANSWER-6-10 BPM.
Contractions - ANSWER-normal frequency 2-5 minutes apart; normal duration <
90 sec.; intensity < 100 mm/hg.
,Amniotic fluid - ANSWER-500-1200 ml (nitrozine urine-litmus paper
green/amniotic fluid-litmus paper blue).
Apgar scoring - ANSWER-A = appearance, P = pulses, G = grimace, A = activity, R
= reflexes (Done at 1 and 5 minutes with a score of 0 for absent, 1 for decreased,
and 2 for strongly positive.)
Umbilical cord blood supply - ANSWER-The umbilical cord has two arteries and
one vein. (Arteries carry deoxygenated blood. The vein carries oxygenated
blood.)
Early decelerations - ANSWER-Begin prior to the peak of the contraction and end
by the end of the contraction. They are caused by head compression. There is no
need for intervention if the variability is within normal range (that is, there is a
rapid return to the baseline fetal heart rate) and the fetal heart rate is within
normal range.
Variable decelerations - ANSWER-Are noted as V-shaped on the monitoring strip.
Variable decelerations can occur anytime during monitoring of the fetus. They are
caused by cord compression. The intervention is to change the mother's
position; if pitocin is infusing, stop the infusion; apply oxygen; and increase the
rate of IV fluids. Contact the doctor if the problem persists.
Late decelerations - ANSWER-Occur after the peak of the contraction and mirror
the contraction in length and intensity. These are caused by uteroplacental
insuffiency. The intervention is to change the mother's position; if pitocin is
infusing, stop the infusion; apply oxygen;, and increase the rate of IV fluids.
Contact the doctor if the problem persists.
TORCHS syndrome in the neonate - ANSWER-This is a combination of diseases.
These include toxoplasmosis, rubella (German measles), cytomegalovirus,
herpes, and syphyllis. Pregnant nurses should not be assigned to care for the
client with toxoplasmosis or cytomegalovirus.
Treatment for maternal hypotension after an epidural anesthesia - ANSWER-1.
Stop pitocin if infusing. 2. Turn the client on the left side. 3. Administer oxygen. 4.
If hypovolemia is present, push IV fluids.
Anticoagulant therapy and monitoring- Coumadin (sodium warfarin) PT -
ANSWER-10-12 sec. (control).
, Coumadin Antidote - ANSWER-The antidote for Coumadin is vitamin K.
Anticoagulant therapy and monitoring- Heparin/Lovenox/Dalteparin PTT -
ANSWER-30-45 sec. (control).
Heparin Antidote - ANSWER-The antidote for Heparin is protamine sulfate.
Anticoagulant therapy and monitoring- Therapeutic level - ANSWER-It is
important to maintain a bleeding time that is slightly prolonged so that clotting
will not occur; therefore, the bleeding time with medication should be 1 1/2-2
times the control
Rule of nines for calculating TBSA for burns - ANSWER-Head = 9% Arms = 18%
(9% each Back = 18% Legs = 36% (18% each) Genitalia = 1%
Arab American cultural attributes - ANSWER-Females avoid eye contact with
males; touch is accepted if done by same-sex healthcare providers; most
decisions are made by males; Muslims (Sunni), refuse organ donation; most
Arabs do not eat pork; they avoid icy drinks when sick or hot/cold drinks
together; colostrum is considered harmful to the newborn.
Asian American cultural attributes - ANSWER-They avoid direct eye contact; feet
are considered dirty (the feet should be touched last during assessment); males
make most of the decisions; they usually refuse organ donation; they generally
do not prefer cold drinks, believe in the "hot-cold" theory of illness.
Native American cultural attributes - ANSWER-They sustain eye contact; blood
and organ donation is generally refused; they might refuse circumcision; may
prefer care from the tribal shaman rather than using western medicine.
Mexican American cultural attributes - ANSWER-They might avoid direct eye
contact with authorities; they might refuse organ donation; most are very
emotional during bereavement; believe in the "hot-cold" theory of illness.
Jehovah's Witness - ANSWER-No blood products should be used
Hindu - ANSWER-No beef or items containing gelatin
Jewish - ANSWER-Special dietary restrictions, use of kosher foods
2024/2025
Sodium - ANSWER-135-145 mEq/L
Potassium - ANSWER-3.5-5.5 mEq/L
Calcium - ANSWER-8.5-10.9 mg/L
Chloride - ANSWER-95-105 m Eq/L
Magnesium - ANSWER-1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Phosphorus - ANSWER-2.5-4.5 mg/dL
RBC - ANSWER-4.5-5.0 million
WBC - ANSWER-5,000-10,000
Plt. - ANSWER-200,000-400,000
Hgb - ANSWER-12-16 gms women; 14-18 gms men
HCO3 - ANSWER-24-26 mEq/L
CO2 - ANSWER-35-45 mEq/L
PaO2 - ANSWER-80%-100%
SaO2 - ANSWER-> 95%
,Glucose - ANSWER-70-110 mg/dL
Specific gravity - ANSWER-1.010-1.030
BUN - ANSWER-7-22 mg/dL
Serum creatinine - ANSWER-0.6-1.35 mg/dL (< 2 in older adults)
LDH - ANSWER-100-190 U/L
CPK - ANSWER-21-232 U/L
Uric acid - ANSWER-3.5-7.5 mg/dL
Triglyceride - ANSWER-<150 mg/dL
Total cholesterol - ANSWER-130-200 mg/dL
Bilirubin - ANSWER-< 1.0 mg/dL
Protein - ANSWER-6.2-8.1 g/dL
Albumin - ANSWER-3.4-5.0 g/dL
Digoxin - ANSWER-0.5-2.0 ng/ml
Lithium - ANSWER-0.8-1.5 mEq/L
Dilantin - ANSWER-10-20 mcg/dL
Theophylline - ANSWER-10-20 mcg/dL
FHR - ANSWER-120-160 BPM.
Variability - ANSWER-6-10 BPM.
Contractions - ANSWER-normal frequency 2-5 minutes apart; normal duration <
90 sec.; intensity < 100 mm/hg.
,Amniotic fluid - ANSWER-500-1200 ml (nitrozine urine-litmus paper
green/amniotic fluid-litmus paper blue).
Apgar scoring - ANSWER-A = appearance, P = pulses, G = grimace, A = activity, R
= reflexes (Done at 1 and 5 minutes with a score of 0 for absent, 1 for decreased,
and 2 for strongly positive.)
Umbilical cord blood supply - ANSWER-The umbilical cord has two arteries and
one vein. (Arteries carry deoxygenated blood. The vein carries oxygenated
blood.)
Early decelerations - ANSWER-Begin prior to the peak of the contraction and end
by the end of the contraction. They are caused by head compression. There is no
need for intervention if the variability is within normal range (that is, there is a
rapid return to the baseline fetal heart rate) and the fetal heart rate is within
normal range.
Variable decelerations - ANSWER-Are noted as V-shaped on the monitoring strip.
Variable decelerations can occur anytime during monitoring of the fetus. They are
caused by cord compression. The intervention is to change the mother's
position; if pitocin is infusing, stop the infusion; apply oxygen; and increase the
rate of IV fluids. Contact the doctor if the problem persists.
Late decelerations - ANSWER-Occur after the peak of the contraction and mirror
the contraction in length and intensity. These are caused by uteroplacental
insuffiency. The intervention is to change the mother's position; if pitocin is
infusing, stop the infusion; apply oxygen;, and increase the rate of IV fluids.
Contact the doctor if the problem persists.
TORCHS syndrome in the neonate - ANSWER-This is a combination of diseases.
These include toxoplasmosis, rubella (German measles), cytomegalovirus,
herpes, and syphyllis. Pregnant nurses should not be assigned to care for the
client with toxoplasmosis or cytomegalovirus.
Treatment for maternal hypotension after an epidural anesthesia - ANSWER-1.
Stop pitocin if infusing. 2. Turn the client on the left side. 3. Administer oxygen. 4.
If hypovolemia is present, push IV fluids.
Anticoagulant therapy and monitoring- Coumadin (sodium warfarin) PT -
ANSWER-10-12 sec. (control).
, Coumadin Antidote - ANSWER-The antidote for Coumadin is vitamin K.
Anticoagulant therapy and monitoring- Heparin/Lovenox/Dalteparin PTT -
ANSWER-30-45 sec. (control).
Heparin Antidote - ANSWER-The antidote for Heparin is protamine sulfate.
Anticoagulant therapy and monitoring- Therapeutic level - ANSWER-It is
important to maintain a bleeding time that is slightly prolonged so that clotting
will not occur; therefore, the bleeding time with medication should be 1 1/2-2
times the control
Rule of nines for calculating TBSA for burns - ANSWER-Head = 9% Arms = 18%
(9% each Back = 18% Legs = 36% (18% each) Genitalia = 1%
Arab American cultural attributes - ANSWER-Females avoid eye contact with
males; touch is accepted if done by same-sex healthcare providers; most
decisions are made by males; Muslims (Sunni), refuse organ donation; most
Arabs do not eat pork; they avoid icy drinks when sick or hot/cold drinks
together; colostrum is considered harmful to the newborn.
Asian American cultural attributes - ANSWER-They avoid direct eye contact; feet
are considered dirty (the feet should be touched last during assessment); males
make most of the decisions; they usually refuse organ donation; they generally
do not prefer cold drinks, believe in the "hot-cold" theory of illness.
Native American cultural attributes - ANSWER-They sustain eye contact; blood
and organ donation is generally refused; they might refuse circumcision; may
prefer care from the tribal shaman rather than using western medicine.
Mexican American cultural attributes - ANSWER-They might avoid direct eye
contact with authorities; they might refuse organ donation; most are very
emotional during bereavement; believe in the "hot-cold" theory of illness.
Jehovah's Witness - ANSWER-No blood products should be used
Hindu - ANSWER-No beef or items containing gelatin
Jewish - ANSWER-Special dietary restrictions, use of kosher foods
