Neonatal & Pediatric Final UPDATED
Actual Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Which of the following statements describe truncus arteriosus?
A. The pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle, and the aorta stems from the right
ventricle.
B. A large VSD allows total mixing of blood from the two ventricles.
C. If SVR decreases relative to PVR, blood flow will be shunted from right to left, bypassing
the lungs.
D. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- D. All of the above
What factor is responsible for closure of the foramen ovale? A. Increased PaO2
B. Increased pressure on the left side of the heart
C. Blood flowing through the lungs
D. High pulmonary vascular resistance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- B. Increased pressure on
the left side of the heart
What is the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) among infants born at less than
28 weeks of gestation?
A. 30% to 40%
B. 40% to 50%
C. 60% to 80%
D. >80% - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- C. 60% to 80%
What radiographic features is the therapist likely to see on a typical chest X-ray of an infant
with MAS?
A. Ground-glass appearance
B. Complete whiteout
C. Decreased lung volume
D. Patchy areas of atelectasis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- D. Patchy areas of atelectasis
,The therapist is treating a child with TOF who appears to be having a "tet" spell. What should
the therapist suggest to treat this event?
A. Beta blockers
B. Knee-chest position to increase SVR
C. Morphine sulfate
D. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- D. All of the above
The therapist is setting pulse oximetry to determine the presence of right-to-left shunt in an
infant suspected of having a heart defect. Where should the therapist place the pulse ox probe
to obtain the most accurate measure of preductal oxygen saturation?
A. Any finger of the right hand
B. Any finger of the left hand
C. Left earlobe
D. Lower extremities - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A. Any finger of the right hand
Which of the following physiologic mechanisms need to be in place to ensure adequate
systemic perfusion in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)?
A. Presence of an ASD
B. Presence of a mitral regurgitation
C. Adequate left atrial function
D. Presence of a PDA - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- D. Presence of a PDA
Blood samples are simultaneously obtained from both the right radial artery and the umbilical
artery, and the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) value from the right radial artery is
20 mm Hg greater than that analyzed from the umbilical artery sample. On the basis of this
finding, which of the following conditions does the neonate likely have?
A. PPHN
B. MAS
C. Neonatal pneumonia
D. RDS - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A. PPHN
, What ventilator settings should a therapist select for a newborn with respiratory distress
syndrome?
A. PIP 25-30 cm H2O
B. PEEP 3-6 cm H2O
C. VT 5-6 mL/kg
D. Frequency 60 breaths per minute - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- B. PEEP 3-6 cm H2O
0. Why does meconium staining occur predominantly in infants older than 36 weeks of
gestational age?
A. Because these infants can generate strong inspiratory efforts
B. Because infants this age have significant cardiac outputs
C. Because these infants demonstrate strong peristalsis
D. Because these newborns have weak anal sphincter tone - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- C.
Because these infants demonstrate strong peristalsis
1. Which of the following clinical manifestations is consistent with an atrial septal defect
(ASD)?
A. An ASD often causes congestive heart failure (because of decreased pulmonary blood
flow).
B. The right ventricle may become hypertrophic (right ventricular hypertrophy).
C. Most patients with an ASD are symptomatic in the neonatal intensive care unit, presenting
with right atrial enlargement.
D. Chest radiographs are usually abnormal. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- B. The right
ventricle may become hypertrophic (right ventricular hypertrophy).
What is the typical type of airway obstruction that occurs with MAS?
A. Ball valve
B. Complete
C. No obstruction
D. Airway inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A. Ball valve
How should the therapist interpret a preductal-to-postductal PaO2 difference of 8 mm Hg in a
neonate?
Actual Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Which of the following statements describe truncus arteriosus?
A. The pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle, and the aorta stems from the right
ventricle.
B. A large VSD allows total mixing of blood from the two ventricles.
C. If SVR decreases relative to PVR, blood flow will be shunted from right to left, bypassing
the lungs.
D. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- D. All of the above
What factor is responsible for closure of the foramen ovale? A. Increased PaO2
B. Increased pressure on the left side of the heart
C. Blood flowing through the lungs
D. High pulmonary vascular resistance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- B. Increased pressure on
the left side of the heart
What is the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) among infants born at less than
28 weeks of gestation?
A. 30% to 40%
B. 40% to 50%
C. 60% to 80%
D. >80% - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- C. 60% to 80%
What radiographic features is the therapist likely to see on a typical chest X-ray of an infant
with MAS?
A. Ground-glass appearance
B. Complete whiteout
C. Decreased lung volume
D. Patchy areas of atelectasis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- D. Patchy areas of atelectasis
,The therapist is treating a child with TOF who appears to be having a "tet" spell. What should
the therapist suggest to treat this event?
A. Beta blockers
B. Knee-chest position to increase SVR
C. Morphine sulfate
D. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- D. All of the above
The therapist is setting pulse oximetry to determine the presence of right-to-left shunt in an
infant suspected of having a heart defect. Where should the therapist place the pulse ox probe
to obtain the most accurate measure of preductal oxygen saturation?
A. Any finger of the right hand
B. Any finger of the left hand
C. Left earlobe
D. Lower extremities - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A. Any finger of the right hand
Which of the following physiologic mechanisms need to be in place to ensure adequate
systemic perfusion in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)?
A. Presence of an ASD
B. Presence of a mitral regurgitation
C. Adequate left atrial function
D. Presence of a PDA - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- D. Presence of a PDA
Blood samples are simultaneously obtained from both the right radial artery and the umbilical
artery, and the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) value from the right radial artery is
20 mm Hg greater than that analyzed from the umbilical artery sample. On the basis of this
finding, which of the following conditions does the neonate likely have?
A. PPHN
B. MAS
C. Neonatal pneumonia
D. RDS - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A. PPHN
, What ventilator settings should a therapist select for a newborn with respiratory distress
syndrome?
A. PIP 25-30 cm H2O
B. PEEP 3-6 cm H2O
C. VT 5-6 mL/kg
D. Frequency 60 breaths per minute - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- B. PEEP 3-6 cm H2O
0. Why does meconium staining occur predominantly in infants older than 36 weeks of
gestational age?
A. Because these infants can generate strong inspiratory efforts
B. Because infants this age have significant cardiac outputs
C. Because these infants demonstrate strong peristalsis
D. Because these newborns have weak anal sphincter tone - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- C.
Because these infants demonstrate strong peristalsis
1. Which of the following clinical manifestations is consistent with an atrial septal defect
(ASD)?
A. An ASD often causes congestive heart failure (because of decreased pulmonary blood
flow).
B. The right ventricle may become hypertrophic (right ventricular hypertrophy).
C. Most patients with an ASD are symptomatic in the neonatal intensive care unit, presenting
with right atrial enlargement.
D. Chest radiographs are usually abnormal. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- B. The right
ventricle may become hypertrophic (right ventricular hypertrophy).
What is the typical type of airway obstruction that occurs with MAS?
A. Ball valve
B. Complete
C. No obstruction
D. Airway inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A. Ball valve
How should the therapist interpret a preductal-to-postductal PaO2 difference of 8 mm Hg in a
neonate?
