Anatomy and Physiology - chapter 3 Questions with accurate and verified answers

Anatomy and Physiology - chapter 3
Actin filaments (microfilaments) - ✔✔small fibrils that forms a bundles, sheets or networks in the
cytoplasm; for structure, support for microvilli, contractility and movement



active transport - ✔✔ATP-powered pumps combine with substances and move them across the plasma
membrane; ATP is used; substances can be move from areas of lower concentration to higher
concentration



antiporter - ✔✔carrier protein that moves two different ions of molecules in opposite directions across
the plasma membrane



ATP-powered pump - ✔✔transport protein that moves specific ions and molecules from one side of the
plasma membrane to the other; fueled by the breakdown of ATP; has binding sites for the molecule and
ATP



attachment protein - ✔✔integral protein that allows a cell to attach to other cells or to extracellular
molecules



cadhedrin - ✔✔protein that attaches a cell to other cells



carrier protein (transporter) - ✔✔integral membrane protein that moves ions or molecules from one
side of the plasma membrane to the other; has specific binding sites to which ions or molecules attach
on one side of the plasma membrane; change shape to move the bound ions or molecules



channel protein - ✔✔on or more integral proteins arranged so that they form a tiny channel through the
plasma membrane



cholesterol - ✔✔limits the movement of phospholipids, providing stability to the plasma membrane



concentration gradient - ✔✔concentration difference between two points, divided by the distances
between the two points

, cytoplasm - ✔✔cellular material outside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane



cytoplasmic inclusion - ✔✔aggregates of chemicals either produced or taken in by the cell



cytoskeleton - ✔✔supports the cell and holds the nucleus and other organelles in place



cytosol - ✔✔fluid portion of the plasma of the cytoplasm; colloid, viscous substance



diffusion - ✔✔movement of solutes from and area of higher concentration to an area of lower solute
concentration



endocytosis - ✔✔plasma membrane forms a vesicle around the substances to be transported; requires
ATP



enzyme - ✔✔catalyzes chemical reactions on either the inner or outer surface of the plasma membrane



exocytosis - ✔✔materials manufactured by the cell are packaged in secretory vesicles that fuse with the
plasma membrane and release their contents in the outside of the cell



extracellular - ✔✔substances outside the cell



facilitated diffusion - ✔✔carrier proteins combine with substances and move them across the plasma
membrane; no ATP is used; always moved from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration



fluid-mosaic model - ✔✔model suggesting that the plasma membrane is neither rigid nor static in
structure, but is highly flexible and can change its shape and composition through time



gated ion channel - ✔✔channel protein that can be opened or closed