Physics Mark Scheme Q’s
Use the factors that can affect thinking and braking distances to explain the
differences in stopping distances for cars A and B. (6)
Statement of what is meant by stopping distance
Factors affecting driver
factors affecting driver’s thinking distance/reaction time
Factors dependent on the car
factors affecting braking distance e.g. tyre tread, condition of brakes
cars may be carrying different loads
cars may have different masses
External factors
road surface
weather
uphill / downhill Use of data
calculation of thinking, braking and or stopping distances for average driver
calculation of thinking, braking and or stopping distances for driver A
calculation of thinking, braking and or stopping distances for driver B
Explain how work is done when the balls impact on the sand. (2)
(work is done) displacing the sand (1)
with EITHER
(as) kinetic energy of the ball(s) has been transferred (1)
OR
by the force between the ball and the sand (1)
sand moving/ pushing/ blowing upwards OWTTE or ball sinking into sand
When the lamp is first switched on, it heats up. It then reaches a constant temperature.
Explain why the temperature of the lamp remains constant.(2)
energy supplied and radiated (1) (at) equal (rate) (1)
The resistor becomes warm while there is a current in it. Explain why the resistor becomes warm. (2)
collisions between electrons and lattice (1) lattice {vibrates / moves} more (1)
Explain, with the aid of a circuit diagram, the method a student could use to investigate how the
resistance of a single lamp changes with the potential difference across the lamp. (6)
Circuit diagram including
• power supply
• ammeter
• voltmeter
• filament lamp
• means of varying potential difference
Description of method
• measure current with ammeter
• measure potential difference with voltmeter
• vary the potential difference
• calculate the resistance
• repeat and compare
The traffic sign uses many small lights all powered by a rechargeable battery. These lights need to be
very bright during the day so that they can be seen clearly. They do not need to be as bright at night.
Use the factors that can affect thinking and braking distances to explain the
differences in stopping distances for cars A and B. (6)
Statement of what is meant by stopping distance
Factors affecting driver
factors affecting driver’s thinking distance/reaction time
Factors dependent on the car
factors affecting braking distance e.g. tyre tread, condition of brakes
cars may be carrying different loads
cars may have different masses
External factors
road surface
weather
uphill / downhill Use of data
calculation of thinking, braking and or stopping distances for average driver
calculation of thinking, braking and or stopping distances for driver A
calculation of thinking, braking and or stopping distances for driver B
Explain how work is done when the balls impact on the sand. (2)
(work is done) displacing the sand (1)
with EITHER
(as) kinetic energy of the ball(s) has been transferred (1)
OR
by the force between the ball and the sand (1)
sand moving/ pushing/ blowing upwards OWTTE or ball sinking into sand
When the lamp is first switched on, it heats up. It then reaches a constant temperature.
Explain why the temperature of the lamp remains constant.(2)
energy supplied and radiated (1) (at) equal (rate) (1)
The resistor becomes warm while there is a current in it. Explain why the resistor becomes warm. (2)
collisions between electrons and lattice (1) lattice {vibrates / moves} more (1)
Explain, with the aid of a circuit diagram, the method a student could use to investigate how the
resistance of a single lamp changes with the potential difference across the lamp. (6)
Circuit diagram including
• power supply
• ammeter
• voltmeter
• filament lamp
• means of varying potential difference
Description of method
• measure current with ammeter
• measure potential difference with voltmeter
• vary the potential difference
• calculate the resistance
• repeat and compare
The traffic sign uses many small lights all powered by a rechargeable battery. These lights need to be
very bright during the day so that they can be seen clearly. They do not need to be as bright at night.
