Microbiology An Introduction 14th edition Gerard J. Tortora Test Bank | All Chapters Explored
coccus/cocci - ANSWER-meaning berry, spherical bacteria
bacillus/bacilli - ANSWER-meaning little rods or walking sticks, rod shaped bacteria
spiral - ANSWER-spiral shaped bacteria
diplococci - ANSWER-cocci that remain in pairs after dividing
streptococci - ANSWER-cocci that remain attached after dividing in a chain like pattern
tetrads - ANSWER-cocci that remain in a group of 4
sacrinae - ANSWER-cocci that divide in three planes and remain attached, chubbily shape of 8
staphylococci - ANSWER-cocci that divide and form grape like clusters
single bacilli - ANSWER-single rod of bacilli
diplobacilli - ANSWER-bacilli that appear in pairs after division
streptobacilli - ANSWER-chains of bacilli
coccobacilli - ANSWER-bacilli that appear shaped similar to cocci
vibrios - ANSWER-bacteria that look like curved rods
spirilla/spirillum - ANSWER-bacteria helical shape, corkscrew, fairly rigid body
spirochetes - ANSWER-bacteria helical shape and flexible
monomorphic - ANSWER-bacteria that maintain a single shape
pleomorphic - ANSWER-bacteria that can have many shapes not just one
Glycocalyx - ANSWER-porkaryotes/bacteria secrete on external of cell wall, general term for substances
that surround cell, sticky, gelatinous polymer composed of polysaccharide, polypeptide or both
capsule - ANSWER-if glycocalyx is firmly attached to cell wall it is called a capsule,
slime layer - ANSWER-if glycocalyx is unorganized and loosely attached to cell
extracellular polymeric substance - ANSWER-glycocalyx that helps cells in a biofilm attach to their target
environment
flagella/flagellum - ANSWER-long filament appendages that propel bacteria
atrichous - ANSWER-bacteria that lack flagella
peritrichous - ANSWER-flagella distributed over the entire cell
polar - ANSWER-flagella at one or both poles of the cell
monotrichous - ANSWER-if polar, may have just one flagell
lophotrichous - ANSWER-if polar flagella may be a tuft coming from a pole
amphitrichous - ANSWER-if polar, flagella may come from both ends
motility - ANSWER-ability of an organism to move by itself
, taxis - ANSWER-movement of bacterium toward or away from a particular stimulus
chemotaxis - ANSWER-chemical stimuli for movement
phototaxi - ANSWER-light stimulate for movement
H antigen - ANSWER-flagellar protein used for distinguishing among servovars, or variations, of a species
serovars - ANSWER-variation of species of gram negative bacteria
axial filaments/endoflagella - ANSWER-in spirochetes bundle of fibrils that arise at the end of the cell
beneath an outer sheath and spiral around the cell
fimbriae/fimbria - ANSWER-in gram negative bacteria, hairlike appendages that are shorter, straighter
and thinner than flagella, used to adhere
pili/pilus - ANSWER-in gram negative, longer than fimbriae, one or two a cell, sometimes used for
transfer of DNA, motility
twitching motility - ANSWER-pilus extends makes contact with surface or cell than retracts, grappling
hook movement
gliding motility - ANSWER-myxobacteria, smooth gliding movement, used for microbes to travel in
environs with low water, such as biofilms and soil
conjugation pili - ANSWER-pili used to bring bacteria together allowing the transfer of DNA
cell wall - ANSWER-bacterial cell is complex, semirigid structure responsible for the shape of the cell
peptidoglycan - ANSWER-what bacterial cell wall is composed of, alone or combined with other
substances, consists of repeating disaccharide connected by polypeptides to from a lattice that
surrounds and protects the entire cell
polypeptides - ANSWER-peptide portion of peptidoglycan, peptide=short chain of amino acids
lysis - ANSWER-destruction caused by rupture o the plasma membrane and the loss of cytoplasm, cell
ruptures from too much H2O
porins - ANSWER-proteins in the cell membrane that form channels, permitting passage of molecules
lipopolysaccharide LPS - ANSWER-large complex molecular that contains lipids and carbohydrates and
consists of 3 components, 1. lipid A, 2. core polysaccharide, and 3. O polysaccharide
Lipid A - ANSWER-lipid portion of the LPS and is embedded in the top layer of the outer membrane,
when gram negative bacteria die they release lipid A, which functions as an endotoxin
core polysaccharide - ANSWER-attached to lipid A, role is structural to provide stability
O polysaccharide - ANSWER-extends outward from the core polysaccharide, composed of sugar
molecules, functions as an antigen, and useful for I.D. of gram negative bacteria
coccus/cocci - ANSWER-meaning berry, spherical bacteria
bacillus/bacilli - ANSWER-meaning little rods or walking sticks, rod shaped bacteria
spiral - ANSWER-spiral shaped bacteria
diplococci - ANSWER-cocci that remain in pairs after dividing
streptococci - ANSWER-cocci that remain attached after dividing in a chain like pattern
tetrads - ANSWER-cocci that remain in a group of 4
sacrinae - ANSWER-cocci that divide in three planes and remain attached, chubbily shape of 8
staphylococci - ANSWER-cocci that divide and form grape like clusters
single bacilli - ANSWER-single rod of bacilli
diplobacilli - ANSWER-bacilli that appear in pairs after division
streptobacilli - ANSWER-chains of bacilli
coccobacilli - ANSWER-bacilli that appear shaped similar to cocci
vibrios - ANSWER-bacteria that look like curved rods
spirilla/spirillum - ANSWER-bacteria helical shape, corkscrew, fairly rigid body
spirochetes - ANSWER-bacteria helical shape and flexible
monomorphic - ANSWER-bacteria that maintain a single shape
pleomorphic - ANSWER-bacteria that can have many shapes not just one
Glycocalyx - ANSWER-porkaryotes/bacteria secrete on external of cell wall, general term for substances
that surround cell, sticky, gelatinous polymer composed of polysaccharide, polypeptide or both
capsule - ANSWER-if glycocalyx is firmly attached to cell wall it is called a capsule,
slime layer - ANSWER-if glycocalyx is unorganized and loosely attached to cell
extracellular polymeric substance - ANSWER-glycocalyx that helps cells in a biofilm attach to their target
environment
flagella/flagellum - ANSWER-long filament appendages that propel bacteria
atrichous - ANSWER-bacteria that lack flagella
peritrichous - ANSWER-flagella distributed over the entire cell
polar - ANSWER-flagella at one or both poles of the cell
monotrichous - ANSWER-if polar, may have just one flagell
lophotrichous - ANSWER-if polar flagella may be a tuft coming from a pole
amphitrichous - ANSWER-if polar, flagella may come from both ends
motility - ANSWER-ability of an organism to move by itself
, taxis - ANSWER-movement of bacterium toward or away from a particular stimulus
chemotaxis - ANSWER-chemical stimuli for movement
phototaxi - ANSWER-light stimulate for movement
H antigen - ANSWER-flagellar protein used for distinguishing among servovars, or variations, of a species
serovars - ANSWER-variation of species of gram negative bacteria
axial filaments/endoflagella - ANSWER-in spirochetes bundle of fibrils that arise at the end of the cell
beneath an outer sheath and spiral around the cell
fimbriae/fimbria - ANSWER-in gram negative bacteria, hairlike appendages that are shorter, straighter
and thinner than flagella, used to adhere
pili/pilus - ANSWER-in gram negative, longer than fimbriae, one or two a cell, sometimes used for
transfer of DNA, motility
twitching motility - ANSWER-pilus extends makes contact with surface or cell than retracts, grappling
hook movement
gliding motility - ANSWER-myxobacteria, smooth gliding movement, used for microbes to travel in
environs with low water, such as biofilms and soil
conjugation pili - ANSWER-pili used to bring bacteria together allowing the transfer of DNA
cell wall - ANSWER-bacterial cell is complex, semirigid structure responsible for the shape of the cell
peptidoglycan - ANSWER-what bacterial cell wall is composed of, alone or combined with other
substances, consists of repeating disaccharide connected by polypeptides to from a lattice that
surrounds and protects the entire cell
polypeptides - ANSWER-peptide portion of peptidoglycan, peptide=short chain of amino acids
lysis - ANSWER-destruction caused by rupture o the plasma membrane and the loss of cytoplasm, cell
ruptures from too much H2O
porins - ANSWER-proteins in the cell membrane that form channels, permitting passage of molecules
lipopolysaccharide LPS - ANSWER-large complex molecular that contains lipids and carbohydrates and
consists of 3 components, 1. lipid A, 2. core polysaccharide, and 3. O polysaccharide
Lipid A - ANSWER-lipid portion of the LPS and is embedded in the top layer of the outer membrane,
when gram negative bacteria die they release lipid A, which functions as an endotoxin
core polysaccharide - ANSWER-attached to lipid A, role is structural to provide stability
O polysaccharide - ANSWER-extends outward from the core polysaccharide, composed of sugar
molecules, functions as an antigen, and useful for I.D. of gram negative bacteria
