CHEM 120 Final Exam Review
significant figures-ANSa digit that is either reliably known or closely estimated
Significant Figure Rules-ANS1. All non-zero digits are always significant
2. Zeroes between non-zero digits are always significant
3. Zeroes to left of first non-zero digit (either before or after decimal point) are never significant
4. Zeroes to the right of last non-zero digit
a. after decimal point are always significant
b. which are before decimal point are not significant
conversion factor-ANSrelationship between two quantities expressed as a fraction
dimensional analysis-ANSconversion of a measurement in one unit into another by the use of
conversion factors
True-ANST/F: number of protons never changes according to periodic table
number of protons-ANSatomic number=_______________________
number of neutrons-ANSmass number=_______________________
isotopes-ANSatoms with same number of protons (same electron) but different number of neutrons
atomic mass-ANSweighted average of the isotopic masses of all stable isotopes of an element
compound-ANSsubstance composed of 2+ elements that are chemically combined
, molecular compound-ANScompound in which atoms are held together by covalent bonds
ionic bond-ANSnonmetal and metal (giving away of electrons by one and receiving by the other);
electrostatic interactions between positive and negative ions
covalent bond-ANS2 nonmetals (sharing of bonds); the sharing of electrons between two atoms
ion-ANSatom that has an electrostatic charge
cation-ANSpositively charged atom
anion-ANSnegatively charged atom
formula unit-ANSsimplest whole number ratio of ions in ionic compound
polyatomic ion-ANSgroups of covalently-bonded atoms that have an overall charge
physical change-ANSchange in a substance that does not change its composition
extensive physical properties-ANSproperties that depend on the amount of matter present (ex-mass,
volume)
intensive physical properties-ANSproperties that do not depend on the amount of matter present (ex-
color, clarity, physical state, melting/boiling points, density)
chemical change-ANSthe transformation of a substance into a different substance
(ex-rusting iron, burning coal, baking soda reacting with vinegar
density-ANSthe ratio of a substance's mass to its volume D=m/V
significant figures-ANSa digit that is either reliably known or closely estimated
Significant Figure Rules-ANS1. All non-zero digits are always significant
2. Zeroes between non-zero digits are always significant
3. Zeroes to left of first non-zero digit (either before or after decimal point) are never significant
4. Zeroes to the right of last non-zero digit
a. after decimal point are always significant
b. which are before decimal point are not significant
conversion factor-ANSrelationship between two quantities expressed as a fraction
dimensional analysis-ANSconversion of a measurement in one unit into another by the use of
conversion factors
True-ANST/F: number of protons never changes according to periodic table
number of protons-ANSatomic number=_______________________
number of neutrons-ANSmass number=_______________________
isotopes-ANSatoms with same number of protons (same electron) but different number of neutrons
atomic mass-ANSweighted average of the isotopic masses of all stable isotopes of an element
compound-ANSsubstance composed of 2+ elements that are chemically combined
, molecular compound-ANScompound in which atoms are held together by covalent bonds
ionic bond-ANSnonmetal and metal (giving away of electrons by one and receiving by the other);
electrostatic interactions between positive and negative ions
covalent bond-ANS2 nonmetals (sharing of bonds); the sharing of electrons between two atoms
ion-ANSatom that has an electrostatic charge
cation-ANSpositively charged atom
anion-ANSnegatively charged atom
formula unit-ANSsimplest whole number ratio of ions in ionic compound
polyatomic ion-ANSgroups of covalently-bonded atoms that have an overall charge
physical change-ANSchange in a substance that does not change its composition
extensive physical properties-ANSproperties that depend on the amount of matter present (ex-mass,
volume)
intensive physical properties-ANSproperties that do not depend on the amount of matter present (ex-
color, clarity, physical state, melting/boiling points, density)
chemical change-ANSthe transformation of a substance into a different substance
(ex-rusting iron, burning coal, baking soda reacting with vinegar
density-ANSthe ratio of a substance's mass to its volume D=m/V
