,Chapter601:6Nursing6Today
Potter:6Fundamentals6of6Nursing,611th6Edition
MULTIPLE6CHOICE
1. Which6nurse6most6likely6kept6records6on6sanitation6techniques6and6the6effects6on6health?
a. Florence6Nightingale
b. Mary6Nutting
c. Clara6Barton
d. Lillian6Wald
ANS:6 A
Nightingale6was6the6first6practicing6nurse6epidemiologist.6Her6statistical6analyses6connected6p
oor6sanitation6with6cholera6and6dysentery.6Mary6Nutting,6Clara6Barton,6and6Lillian6Wald6cam
e6after6Nightingale,6each6contributing6to6the6nursing6profession6in6her6own6way.6Mary6Nutting
6was6instrumental6in6moving6nursing6education6into6universities.6Clara6Barton6founded6the6Am
erican6Red6Cross.6Lillian6Wald6helped6open6the6Henry6Street6Settlement.
DIF:Understand6(comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss6the6influence6of6social,6historical,6political,6and6economic6changes6on6nursing6practices.
TOP: Evaluation MSC:6 Health6Promotion6and6Maintenance
2. The6nurse6prescribes6strategies6and6alternatives6to6attain6expected6outcome.6Which6standard6of6
nursing6practice6is6the6nurse6following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS:6 C
In6planning,6the6registered6nurse6develops6a6plan6that6prescribes6strategies6and6alternatives6to6a
ttain6expected6outcomes.6During6assessment,6the6registered6nurse6collects6comprehensive6data
6pertinent6to6the6patient’s6health6and/or6the6situation.6In6diagnosis,6the6registered6nurse6analyze
s6the6assessment6data6to6determine6the6diagnoses6or6issues.6During6implementation,6the6register
ed6nurse6implements6(carries6out)6the6identified6plan.
DIF:Understand6(comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss6the6development6of6professional6nursing6roles.
TOP:6 Planning6
MSC:6 Management6of6Care
3. An6experienced6medical-
surgical6nurse6chooses6to6work6in6obstetrics.6Which6level6of6proficiency6is6the6nurse6
upon6initial6transition6to6the6obstetrical6floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced6beginner
ANS:6 A
, A6beginning6nursing6student6or6any6nurse6entering6a6situation6in6which6there6is6no6previous6le
vel6of6experience6(e.g.,6an6experienced6operating6room6nurse6chooses6to6now6practice6in6hom
e6health)6is6an6example6of6a6novice6nurse.6A6proficient6nurse6perceives6a6patient’s6clinical6situ
ation6as6a6whole,6is6able6to6assess6an6entire6situation,6and6can6readily6transfer6knowledge6gain
ed6from6multiple6previous6experiences6to6a6situation.6A6competent6nurse6understands6the6orga
nization6and6specific6care6required6by6the6type6of6patients6(e.g.,6surgical,6oncology,6or6orthope
dic6patients).6This6nurse6is6a6competent6practitioner6who6is6able6to6anticipate6nursing6care6and
6establish6long-
range6goals.6A6nurse6who6has6had6some6level6of6experience6with6the6situation6is6an6advanced6
beginner.6This6experience6may6only6be6observational6in6nature,6but6the6nurse6is6able6to6identif
y6meaningful6aspects6or6principles6of6nursing6care.
DIF:Apply6(application)
OBJ:Discuss6the6development6of6professional6nursing6roles.
TOP:6 Evaluation6
MSC:6 Management6of6Care
4. A6nurse6assesses6a6patient’s6fluid6status6and6decides6that6the6patient6needs6to6drink6more6fluids.6
The6nurse6then6encourages6the6patient6to6drink6more6fluids.6Which6concept6is6the6nurse6demon
strating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS:6 B
Autonomy6is6an6essential6element6of6professional6nursing6that6involves6the6initiation6of6indep
endent6nursing6interventions6without6medical6orders.6To6obtain6licensure6in6the6United6States,
6the6RN6candidate6must6pass6the6NCLEX-RN.6Beyond6the6NCLEX-
RN,6the6nurse6may6choose6to6work6toward6certification6in6a6specific6area6of6nursing6practic
e.6Accountability6means6that6you6are6responsible,6professionally6and6legally,6for6the6type6and6
quality6of6nursing6care6provided.
DIF:Apply6(application)
OBJ:Discuss6the6roles6and6career6opportunities6for6nurses.
TOP:6 Implementation6
MSC:6 Management6of6Care
5. A6nurse6prepares6the6budget6and6policies6for6an6intensive6care6unit.6Which6role6is6the6nurse6
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS:6 B
, A6manager6coordinates6the6activities6of6members6of6the6nursing6staff6in6delivering6nursing6car
e6and6has6personnel,6policy,6and6budgetary6responsibility6for6a6specific6nursing6unit6or6facility.
6As6an6educator,6 you6explain6concepts6and6facts6about6health,6describe6the6reason6for6routine6c
are6activities,6demonstrate6procedures6such6as6self-
care6activities,6reinforce6learning6or6patient6behavior,6and6evaluate6the6patient’s6progress6in6le
arning.6As6a6patient6advocate,6you6protect6your6patient’s6human6and6legal6rights6and6provide6as
sistance6in6asserting6these6rights6if6the6need6arises.6As6a6caregiver,6you6help6patients6maintain6a
nd6regain6health,6manage6disease6and6symptoms,6and6attain6a6maximal6level6function6and6inde
pendence6through6the6healing6process.
DIF:Apply6(application)
OBJ:Discuss6the6roles6and6career6opportunities6for6nurses.
TOP:6 Implementation6
MSC:6 Management6of6Care
6. The6nurse6has6been6working6in6the6clinical6setting6for6several6years6as6an6advanced6practice6
nurse.6However,6the6nurse6has6a6strong6desire6to6pursue6research6and6theory6development.6To6
fulfill6this6desire,6which6program6should6the6nurse6attend?
a. Doctor6of6Nursing6Science6degree6(DNSc)
b. Doctor6of6Philosophy6degree6(PhD)
c. Doctor6of6Nursing6Practice6degree6(DNP)
d. Doctor6in6the6Science6of6Nursing6degree6(DSN)
ANS:6 B
Some6doctoral6programs6prepare6nurses6for6more6rigorous6research6and6theory6development6a
nd6award6the6research-
oriented6Doctor6of6Philosophy6(PhD)6in6nursing.6Professional6doctoral6programs6in6nursing6(D
SN6or6DNSc)6prepare6graduates6to6apply6research6findings6to6clinical6nursing.6The6DNP6is6a6p
ractice6doctorate6that6prepares6advanced6practice6nurses6such6as6nurse6practitioners.
DIF:Understand6(comprehension)
OBJ:Compare6and6contrast6the6educational6programs6available6for6professional6registered6nurse6(RN
)6education. TOP:6 Teaching/Learning MSC:6 Management6of6Care
7. A6nurse6attends6a6workshop6on6current6nursing6issues6provided6by6the6American6Nurses6
Association.6Which6type6of6education6did6the6nurse6receive?
a. Graduate6education
b. Inservice6education
c. Continuing6education
d. Registered6nurse6education
ANS:6 C
Continuing6education6involves6formal,6organized6educational6programs6offered6by6universitie
s,6hospitals,6state6nurses6associations,6professional6nursing6organizations,6and6educational6and6
health6care6institutions.6After6obtaining6a6baccalaureate6degree6in6nursing,6you6can6pursue6grad
uate6education6leading6to6a6master’s6or6doctoral6degree6in6any6number6of6graduate6fields,6inclu
ding6nursing.6Inservice6education6programs6are6instruction6or6training6provided6by6a6health6car
e6facility6or6institution.6Registered6nurse6education6is6the6education6preparation6for6an6individu
al6intending6to6be6an6RN.
DIF:Apply6(application)
OBJ:Compare6and6contrast6the6educational6programs6available6for6professional6registered6nurse6(RN)
Potter:6Fundamentals6of6Nursing,611th6Edition
MULTIPLE6CHOICE
1. Which6nurse6most6likely6kept6records6on6sanitation6techniques6and6the6effects6on6health?
a. Florence6Nightingale
b. Mary6Nutting
c. Clara6Barton
d. Lillian6Wald
ANS:6 A
Nightingale6was6the6first6practicing6nurse6epidemiologist.6Her6statistical6analyses6connected6p
oor6sanitation6with6cholera6and6dysentery.6Mary6Nutting,6Clara6Barton,6and6Lillian6Wald6cam
e6after6Nightingale,6each6contributing6to6the6nursing6profession6in6her6own6way.6Mary6Nutting
6was6instrumental6in6moving6nursing6education6into6universities.6Clara6Barton6founded6the6Am
erican6Red6Cross.6Lillian6Wald6helped6open6the6Henry6Street6Settlement.
DIF:Understand6(comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss6the6influence6of6social,6historical,6political,6and6economic6changes6on6nursing6practices.
TOP: Evaluation MSC:6 Health6Promotion6and6Maintenance
2. The6nurse6prescribes6strategies6and6alternatives6to6attain6expected6outcome.6Which6standard6of6
nursing6practice6is6the6nurse6following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS:6 C
In6planning,6the6registered6nurse6develops6a6plan6that6prescribes6strategies6and6alternatives6to6a
ttain6expected6outcomes.6During6assessment,6the6registered6nurse6collects6comprehensive6data
6pertinent6to6the6patient’s6health6and/or6the6situation.6In6diagnosis,6the6registered6nurse6analyze
s6the6assessment6data6to6determine6the6diagnoses6or6issues.6During6implementation,6the6register
ed6nurse6implements6(carries6out)6the6identified6plan.
DIF:Understand6(comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss6the6development6of6professional6nursing6roles.
TOP:6 Planning6
MSC:6 Management6of6Care
3. An6experienced6medical-
surgical6nurse6chooses6to6work6in6obstetrics.6Which6level6of6proficiency6is6the6nurse6
upon6initial6transition6to6the6obstetrical6floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced6beginner
ANS:6 A
, A6beginning6nursing6student6or6any6nurse6entering6a6situation6in6which6there6is6no6previous6le
vel6of6experience6(e.g.,6an6experienced6operating6room6nurse6chooses6to6now6practice6in6hom
e6health)6is6an6example6of6a6novice6nurse.6A6proficient6nurse6perceives6a6patient’s6clinical6situ
ation6as6a6whole,6is6able6to6assess6an6entire6situation,6and6can6readily6transfer6knowledge6gain
ed6from6multiple6previous6experiences6to6a6situation.6A6competent6nurse6understands6the6orga
nization6and6specific6care6required6by6the6type6of6patients6(e.g.,6surgical,6oncology,6or6orthope
dic6patients).6This6nurse6is6a6competent6practitioner6who6is6able6to6anticipate6nursing6care6and
6establish6long-
range6goals.6A6nurse6who6has6had6some6level6of6experience6with6the6situation6is6an6advanced6
beginner.6This6experience6may6only6be6observational6in6nature,6but6the6nurse6is6able6to6identif
y6meaningful6aspects6or6principles6of6nursing6care.
DIF:Apply6(application)
OBJ:Discuss6the6development6of6professional6nursing6roles.
TOP:6 Evaluation6
MSC:6 Management6of6Care
4. A6nurse6assesses6a6patient’s6fluid6status6and6decides6that6the6patient6needs6to6drink6more6fluids.6
The6nurse6then6encourages6the6patient6to6drink6more6fluids.6Which6concept6is6the6nurse6demon
strating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS:6 B
Autonomy6is6an6essential6element6of6professional6nursing6that6involves6the6initiation6of6indep
endent6nursing6interventions6without6medical6orders.6To6obtain6licensure6in6the6United6States,
6the6RN6candidate6must6pass6the6NCLEX-RN.6Beyond6the6NCLEX-
RN,6the6nurse6may6choose6to6work6toward6certification6in6a6specific6area6of6nursing6practic
e.6Accountability6means6that6you6are6responsible,6professionally6and6legally,6for6the6type6and6
quality6of6nursing6care6provided.
DIF:Apply6(application)
OBJ:Discuss6the6roles6and6career6opportunities6for6nurses.
TOP:6 Implementation6
MSC:6 Management6of6Care
5. A6nurse6prepares6the6budget6and6policies6for6an6intensive6care6unit.6Which6role6is6the6nurse6
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS:6 B
, A6manager6coordinates6the6activities6of6members6of6the6nursing6staff6in6delivering6nursing6car
e6and6has6personnel,6policy,6and6budgetary6responsibility6for6a6specific6nursing6unit6or6facility.
6As6an6educator,6 you6explain6concepts6and6facts6about6health,6describe6the6reason6for6routine6c
are6activities,6demonstrate6procedures6such6as6self-
care6activities,6reinforce6learning6or6patient6behavior,6and6evaluate6the6patient’s6progress6in6le
arning.6As6a6patient6advocate,6you6protect6your6patient’s6human6and6legal6rights6and6provide6as
sistance6in6asserting6these6rights6if6the6need6arises.6As6a6caregiver,6you6help6patients6maintain6a
nd6regain6health,6manage6disease6and6symptoms,6and6attain6a6maximal6level6function6and6inde
pendence6through6the6healing6process.
DIF:Apply6(application)
OBJ:Discuss6the6roles6and6career6opportunities6for6nurses.
TOP:6 Implementation6
MSC:6 Management6of6Care
6. The6nurse6has6been6working6in6the6clinical6setting6for6several6years6as6an6advanced6practice6
nurse.6However,6the6nurse6has6a6strong6desire6to6pursue6research6and6theory6development.6To6
fulfill6this6desire,6which6program6should6the6nurse6attend?
a. Doctor6of6Nursing6Science6degree6(DNSc)
b. Doctor6of6Philosophy6degree6(PhD)
c. Doctor6of6Nursing6Practice6degree6(DNP)
d. Doctor6in6the6Science6of6Nursing6degree6(DSN)
ANS:6 B
Some6doctoral6programs6prepare6nurses6for6more6rigorous6research6and6theory6development6a
nd6award6the6research-
oriented6Doctor6of6Philosophy6(PhD)6in6nursing.6Professional6doctoral6programs6in6nursing6(D
SN6or6DNSc)6prepare6graduates6to6apply6research6findings6to6clinical6nursing.6The6DNP6is6a6p
ractice6doctorate6that6prepares6advanced6practice6nurses6such6as6nurse6practitioners.
DIF:Understand6(comprehension)
OBJ:Compare6and6contrast6the6educational6programs6available6for6professional6registered6nurse6(RN
)6education. TOP:6 Teaching/Learning MSC:6 Management6of6Care
7. A6nurse6attends6a6workshop6on6current6nursing6issues6provided6by6the6American6Nurses6
Association.6Which6type6of6education6did6the6nurse6receive?
a. Graduate6education
b. Inservice6education
c. Continuing6education
d. Registered6nurse6education
ANS:6 C
Continuing6education6involves6formal,6organized6educational6programs6offered6by6universitie
s,6hospitals,6state6nurses6associations,6professional6nursing6organizations,6and6educational6and6
health6care6institutions.6After6obtaining6a6baccalaureate6degree6in6nursing,6you6can6pursue6grad
uate6education6leading6to6a6master’s6or6doctoral6degree6in6any6number6of6graduate6fields,6inclu
ding6nursing.6Inservice6education6programs6are6instruction6or6training6provided6by6a6health6car
e6facility6or6institution.6Registered6nurse6education6is6the6education6preparation6for6an6individu
al6intending6to6be6an6RN.
DIF:Apply6(application)
OBJ:Compare6and6contrast6the6educational6programs6available6for6professional6registered6nurse6(RN)
