2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
Hemodynamics CCRN Questions and Correct
Answers | Latest Update
Cardiac output equation
✓ -:- CO = HR x SV
Components of stroke volume
✓ -:- Preload
✓ Afterload
✓ Contractility
Preload components
✓ -:- CVP (right ventricular) - central venous pressure
PAOP (left ventricular) - pulmonary artery occlusive pressure
Afterload components
✓ -:- PVR (right ventricular) - pulmonary vascular resistance
SVR (left ventricular) - systemic vascular resistance
1|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
Normal cardiac output
✓ -:- 4-8L/min
CI
✓ -:- -Cardiac index
-take into account body surface area and is a more meaningful value than CO
Normal cardiac index (CI)
✓ -:- 2.5-4.0L/min/m2
CO and HR
✓ -:- -As heart rate increases
-Cardiac output increases up to a point
-Extreme bradycardia results in low CO and hypotension
-Increase in HR >> first sign of compensation for a low CO
Definition of stroke volume
2|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
, 2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
✓ -:- -How many mL pr beat the left ventricle ejects
Stroke Volume and CO
✓ -:- -As stroke volume increases, cardiac output increases
Normal SV (stroke volume)
✓ -:- 50-100 mL per beat
Define preload
✓ -:- -Preload is the volume/pressure in the ventricle at the end of
DIASTOLE after the AV valves close, just prior to ejection
-As preload increases, SV and CO will increase up to a point
-Too high of a preload may lead to heart failure
-Preload will seldom be elevate if the heart is without disease and there are no metabolic
abnormalities
What pressures reflect the right ventricle preload?
✓ -:- -Right atrial (RA)
3|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
Hemodynamics CCRN Questions and Correct
Answers | Latest Update
Cardiac output equation
✓ -:- CO = HR x SV
Components of stroke volume
✓ -:- Preload
✓ Afterload
✓ Contractility
Preload components
✓ -:- CVP (right ventricular) - central venous pressure
PAOP (left ventricular) - pulmonary artery occlusive pressure
Afterload components
✓ -:- PVR (right ventricular) - pulmonary vascular resistance
SVR (left ventricular) - systemic vascular resistance
1|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
Normal cardiac output
✓ -:- 4-8L/min
CI
✓ -:- -Cardiac index
-take into account body surface area and is a more meaningful value than CO
Normal cardiac index (CI)
✓ -:- 2.5-4.0L/min/m2
CO and HR
✓ -:- -As heart rate increases
-Cardiac output increases up to a point
-Extreme bradycardia results in low CO and hypotension
-Increase in HR >> first sign of compensation for a low CO
Definition of stroke volume
2|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
, 2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
✓ -:- -How many mL pr beat the left ventricle ejects
Stroke Volume and CO
✓ -:- -As stroke volume increases, cardiac output increases
Normal SV (stroke volume)
✓ -:- 50-100 mL per beat
Define preload
✓ -:- -Preload is the volume/pressure in the ventricle at the end of
DIASTOLE after the AV valves close, just prior to ejection
-As preload increases, SV and CO will increase up to a point
-Too high of a preload may lead to heart failure
-Preload will seldom be elevate if the heart is without disease and there are no metabolic
abnormalities
What pressures reflect the right ventricle preload?
✓ -:- -Right atrial (RA)
3|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
