2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
Cardiovascular -- Barron's CCRN Questions
and Correct Answers | Latest Update
S3 occurs where and when?
✓ -:- heard best at the apex of the heart right after S2
what is S3 associated with?
✓ -:- Heart failure, Pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, and
mitral/aortic/tricuspid insufficiency
what is S3?
✓ -:- rapid rush of blood into a dilated ventricle
what is S4?
✓ -:- atrial constriction of blood into a non -compliant ventricle
Where and when does S4 occur?
✓ -:- Best heard over the apex with the bell right before S1
1|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
what is s4 associated with?
✓ -:- myocardial ischemia, infarction, hypertension, ventricular
hypertrophy, aortic stenosis
Pericardial friction rub is associated with what?
✓ -:- Pain during deep inspiration and positional pain
Pulse pressure equation
✓ -:- systolic - diastolic = pulse pressure
normal pulse pressure values
✓ -:- 40-60
systolic BP represents what?
✓ -:- Cardiac output and stroke volume
what does a decrease in systolic pressure mean if diastolic doesn't change?
2|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
✓ -:- This = narrowing pulse pressure. Seen often with severe hypovolemia
or a severe drop in Cardiac output.
diastolic BP represents what?
✓ -:- Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
what does a decrease in diastolic BP mean?
✓ -:- this = widening pulse pressure. May indicate vasodilation, severe
sepsis, septic shock.
time ratio for systolic vs. diastolic
✓ -:- 1.0/1.33
what is perfused during diastole?
✓ -:- Coronary arteries
causes of valvular heart disease
✓ -:- - coronary heart disease
3|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
, 2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
- dilated cardiomyopathy
- Degeneration
- Bicuspid aortic valve
- Rheumatic fever
- Infection
- Connective tissue diseases
murmurs of insufficiency are?
✓ -:- regurgitation when the valve is close
murmurs of stenosis are?
✓ -:- regurgitation when the valve is open
are these murmurs acute or chronic?
✓ -:- Stenosis = chronic
Insufficiency = acute or chronic
4|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
Cardiovascular -- Barron's CCRN Questions
and Correct Answers | Latest Update
S3 occurs where and when?
✓ -:- heard best at the apex of the heart right after S2
what is S3 associated with?
✓ -:- Heart failure, Pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, and
mitral/aortic/tricuspid insufficiency
what is S3?
✓ -:- rapid rush of blood into a dilated ventricle
what is S4?
✓ -:- atrial constriction of blood into a non -compliant ventricle
Where and when does S4 occur?
✓ -:- Best heard over the apex with the bell right before S1
1|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
what is s4 associated with?
✓ -:- myocardial ischemia, infarction, hypertension, ventricular
hypertrophy, aortic stenosis
Pericardial friction rub is associated with what?
✓ -:- Pain during deep inspiration and positional pain
Pulse pressure equation
✓ -:- systolic - diastolic = pulse pressure
normal pulse pressure values
✓ -:- 40-60
systolic BP represents what?
✓ -:- Cardiac output and stroke volume
what does a decrease in systolic pressure mean if diastolic doesn't change?
2|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
✓ -:- This = narrowing pulse pressure. Seen often with severe hypovolemia
or a severe drop in Cardiac output.
diastolic BP represents what?
✓ -:- Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
what does a decrease in diastolic BP mean?
✓ -:- this = widening pulse pressure. May indicate vasodilation, severe
sepsis, septic shock.
time ratio for systolic vs. diastolic
✓ -:- 1.0/1.33
what is perfused during diastole?
✓ -:- Coronary arteries
causes of valvular heart disease
✓ -:- - coronary heart disease
3|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
, 2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
- dilated cardiomyopathy
- Degeneration
- Bicuspid aortic valve
- Rheumatic fever
- Infection
- Connective tissue diseases
murmurs of insufficiency are?
✓ -:- regurgitation when the valve is close
murmurs of stenosis are?
✓ -:- regurgitation when the valve is open
are these murmurs acute or chronic?
✓ -:- Stenosis = chronic
Insufficiency = acute or chronic
4|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
