TEST BANK FOR ADVANCED
d d d
ASSESSMENT:INTERPRETING FINDINGS
d d d
AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL
d d d
DIAGNOSES 5TH EDITION, MARY JO
d d d d d
GOOLSBY, LAURIE GRUBBS ISBN-10;
d d d d
1719645930 / ISBN-13;978-1719645935
d d d d
,Chapter 1. Assessment and
d d d Clinical d Decision-Making: Overview
Multiple Choice
d
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
d d d d d d d d d d d
d 1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
d d d d d d d
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
d 2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
A. Methodical and systematic d d
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
d d d d d d d
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
d d d d d d
D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
d d d d d d
d 3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
d d d d d d d d d d d
A. Chief complaint d
B. History of the present illness d d d d
C. Current vital signs d d
D. All of the above are essential history components
d d d d d d d
d 4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the
d d d d d d d d d d d
examinermust beable to:
d d d d
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings d d d d d
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
d d d d d d d d d d d d
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
d d d d d d d d d
D. Foresee unpredictable findings d d
d 5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
d d d d d d d d d d d
A. Evidence-based investigations d
B. Primary reports of research d d d
C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience d d d d d
D. Published meta-analyses d
d 6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
d d d d d d d d d d
A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article d d d d d d
B. Clinical practice guidelines d d
C. Evidence-based research d
D. All of the above d d d
d 7. If d a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
d d d d d d d d
A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
d d d d d d d d d d d d
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
d d d d d d d d d d d d
C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
d d d d d d d d d d
D. None of the aboved d d
,d 8. If d a diagnostic study has high specificity,
d d d d d d this indicates
d da:
A. Low percentage of healthy individuals
d d d d d will show a d d d normal result d
B. High percentage of healthy individuals
d d d d d will show a d d d normal result d
C. High percentage of individuals with a
d d d d d d disorder will d dshow a normal result d d d
D. Low percentage of individuals with a
d d d d d d disorder will d d show an abnormal result
d d d
d 9. A d likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
d d d d d d d d d d
A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
d d d d d d d
B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
d d d d d d d d d
C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
d d d d d d d
D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
d d d d d d d d d
d 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based
d d d d d d d d d d d
dresourcebased on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
situations, settings, and/orzpatients?
d d d
A. Clinical practice guideline
d d
B. Clinical decision rule d d
C. Clinical algorithm d
D. Clinical recommendationd
, Answer Section
d
MULTIPLE CHOICE d
1. ANS: B
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making:
d d d d d d d d d
intuitiveand analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-making)
d d d d d d d d d
is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
fairlycommon errors. In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful
d d d d d d d d d d d
consideration and has greater reliabilitywith rare errors.
d d d d d d d
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
andnonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
Rather than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
thehealthhistory.
d d
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate
d d d d d d d d d d d
betweennormal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions,
d d d d d d d d d d d
includingtheir associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect
d d d d d d d d d d d
the response to other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal
d d d d d d d d d d d d
findings.
d
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and
d d d d d d d d d d
published meta-analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most
d d d d d d d d d d d d
dwidely used and available for application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
provider’s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the
d d d d d d d d d d d d
availability of evidence on which to base clinical reasoning is improving, and there
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dis an increasing expectation that clinical reasoningbe based on scientific evidence.
d d d d d d d d d d
dEvidence- based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate
d d d d d d d d d d d d
clinical decision-making.
d d
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-based resources have
d d d d d d d d d d
beendevelopedto assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice
d d d d d d d d d d d d
guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
d d d d d d d d
d d d
ASSESSMENT:INTERPRETING FINDINGS
d d d
AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL
d d d
DIAGNOSES 5TH EDITION, MARY JO
d d d d d
GOOLSBY, LAURIE GRUBBS ISBN-10;
d d d d
1719645930 / ISBN-13;978-1719645935
d d d d
,Chapter 1. Assessment and
d d d Clinical d Decision-Making: Overview
Multiple Choice
d
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
d d d d d d d d d d d
d 1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
d d d d d d d
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
d 2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
A. Methodical and systematic d d
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
d d d d d d d
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
d d d d d d
D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
d d d d d d
d 3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
d d d d d d d d d d d
A. Chief complaint d
B. History of the present illness d d d d
C. Current vital signs d d
D. All of the above are essential history components
d d d d d d d
d 4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the
d d d d d d d d d d d
examinermust beable to:
d d d d
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings d d d d d
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
d d d d d d d d d d d d
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
d d d d d d d d d
D. Foresee unpredictable findings d d
d 5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
d d d d d d d d d d d
A. Evidence-based investigations d
B. Primary reports of research d d d
C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience d d d d d
D. Published meta-analyses d
d 6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
d d d d d d d d d d
A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article d d d d d d
B. Clinical practice guidelines d d
C. Evidence-based research d
D. All of the above d d d
d 7. If d a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
d d d d d d d d
A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
d d d d d d d d d d d d
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
d d d d d d d d d d d d
C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
d d d d d d d d d d
D. None of the aboved d d
,d 8. If d a diagnostic study has high specificity,
d d d d d d this indicates
d da:
A. Low percentage of healthy individuals
d d d d d will show a d d d normal result d
B. High percentage of healthy individuals
d d d d d will show a d d d normal result d
C. High percentage of individuals with a
d d d d d d disorder will d dshow a normal result d d d
D. Low percentage of individuals with a
d d d d d d disorder will d d show an abnormal result
d d d
d 9. A d likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
d d d d d d d d d d
A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
d d d d d d d
B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
d d d d d d d d d
C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
d d d d d d d
D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
d d d d d d d d d
d 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based
d d d d d d d d d d d
dresourcebased on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
situations, settings, and/orzpatients?
d d d
A. Clinical practice guideline
d d
B. Clinical decision rule d d
C. Clinical algorithm d
D. Clinical recommendationd
, Answer Section
d
MULTIPLE CHOICE d
1. ANS: B
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making:
d d d d d d d d d
intuitiveand analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-making)
d d d d d d d d d
is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
fairlycommon errors. In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful
d d d d d d d d d d d
consideration and has greater reliabilitywith rare errors.
d d d d d d d
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
andnonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
Rather than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
thehealthhistory.
d d
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate
d d d d d d d d d d d
betweennormal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions,
d d d d d d d d d d d
includingtheir associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect
d d d d d d d d d d d
the response to other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal
d d d d d d d d d d d d
findings.
d
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and
d d d d d d d d d d
published meta-analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most
d d d d d d d d d d d d
dwidely used and available for application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
provider’s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the
d d d d d d d d d d d d
availability of evidence on which to base clinical reasoning is improving, and there
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dis an increasing expectation that clinical reasoningbe based on scientific evidence.
d d d d d d d d d d
dEvidence- based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate
d d d d d d d d d d d d
clinical decision-making.
d d
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-based resources have
d d d d d d d d d d
beendevelopedto assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice
d d d d d d d d d d d d
guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
d d d d d d d d
