BIOL 373 Final Exam
First Unit - correct answer ✔✔
Segmental Contraction - correct answer ✔✔mixing/churning
maximizes exposure to digestive enzymes and epithelium
alternate segments contract
little or no net movement forward
Gut Motility - correct answer ✔✔most gut muscle is a single unit of smooth muscle connected by gap
junctions
contract as a single unit
1) Tonic contraction
2) Phasic contraction
Between meals:
-migrating motor complexes
During/after meal:
-peristaltic contractions
-segmental contractions
Tonic Contraction - correct answer ✔✔mins to hrs
, anterior part of stomach is tonically contracted
- keeps food from moving backwards)
- smooth muscle sphincters
Phasic Contraction - correct answer ✔✔secs
posterior stomach
small intestine
Slow Wave Potentials - correct answer ✔✔
Regulation of GI Function (3) - correct answer ✔✔1) Long reflexes, integrated in CNS
2) short reflexes, integrated within gut (enteric nervous system)
3) reflexes involving gut peptides (paracrine or travel via blood - endocrine)
Secretions in the Gut - correct answer ✔✔1) water and ions (into lumen, then reabsorbed)
2) enzymes
3) mucus
4) saliva
5) bile (from liver)
Secretion of Water and Ions - correct answer ✔✔(Na+, Cl-, K+, HCO3-, H+)
ions secreted via membrane transporters
water follows osmotic gradient
paracellular route
First Unit - correct answer ✔✔
Segmental Contraction - correct answer ✔✔mixing/churning
maximizes exposure to digestive enzymes and epithelium
alternate segments contract
little or no net movement forward
Gut Motility - correct answer ✔✔most gut muscle is a single unit of smooth muscle connected by gap
junctions
contract as a single unit
1) Tonic contraction
2) Phasic contraction
Between meals:
-migrating motor complexes
During/after meal:
-peristaltic contractions
-segmental contractions
Tonic Contraction - correct answer ✔✔mins to hrs
, anterior part of stomach is tonically contracted
- keeps food from moving backwards)
- smooth muscle sphincters
Phasic Contraction - correct answer ✔✔secs
posterior stomach
small intestine
Slow Wave Potentials - correct answer ✔✔
Regulation of GI Function (3) - correct answer ✔✔1) Long reflexes, integrated in CNS
2) short reflexes, integrated within gut (enteric nervous system)
3) reflexes involving gut peptides (paracrine or travel via blood - endocrine)
Secretions in the Gut - correct answer ✔✔1) water and ions (into lumen, then reabsorbed)
2) enzymes
3) mucus
4) saliva
5) bile (from liver)
Secretion of Water and Ions - correct answer ✔✔(Na+, Cl-, K+, HCO3-, H+)
ions secreted via membrane transporters
water follows osmotic gradient
paracellular route
