Test Bank for Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
9th Edition By Leifer
, Chapter 01: The Past, Present, and Future
MULTIPLE CHOICE
A patient chooses a certified registered nurse-midwife (CNM) to provide care during her pregnancy.
What does the CNM’s scope of practice include?
a. Practice independent from medical supervision
b. Comprehensive prenatal care
c. Attendance at all deliveries
d. Cesarean sections
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CNMs are trained to deliver full prenatal and postnatal care, assist with uncomplicated
deliveries, and support the family throughout pregnancy. They do not perform surgical procedures like
cesarean sections, but they collaborate with physicians when complications arise. This ensures safe,
family-centered, and evidence-based maternity care.
Which medical pioneer discovered the link between puerperal fever and unwashed hands?
a. Karl Cred
b. Ignaz Semmelweis
c. Louis Pasteur
d. Joseph Lister
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ignaz Semmelweis recognized that puerperal fever was spread through physicians’
contaminated hands. He advocated handwashing with chlorinated lime solutions, which significantly
reduced maternal deaths. His discovery laid the foundation for infection control in obstetrics.
A pregnant woman who has recently immigrated to the U.S. says, “I am afraid of childbirth. It is so
dangerous. I am afraid I will die.” What is the most culturally sensitive nursing response?
a. Maternal death in the U.S. is very low.
b. Anesthesia is available to relieve pain during labor.
c. Tell me why you are afraid of childbirth.
d. Your condition will be monitored during labor.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Asking about her specific fears encourages expression, builds trust, and respects cultural
beliefs. This approach promotes individualized care while addressing emotional needs, rather than
dismissing her concerns with statistics or general reassurance.
An urban area is reported to have a high perinatal death rate. What does this mean?
a. Maternal and infant deaths per 100,000 live births per year
b. Deaths of fetuses over 500 g per 10,000 births per year
c. Deaths of infants up to 1 year per 1000 live births per year
d. Fetal and neonatal deaths per 1000 live births per year
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The perinatal death rate combines fetal and neonatal deaths within the first week of life per
1000 live births. This measure reflects both maternal health and quality of perinatal care, serving as a
key indicator of community health standards.
What is the primary focus of modern maternity practice?
a. Hospital births for most women
b. The traditional family unit
c. Separation of labor and delivery rooms
,d. A quality family experience for each patient
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Current maternity care emphasizes family-centered approaches that respect cultural,
emotional, and social needs. The goal is to provide a meaningful, supportive birth experience for all
families, regardless of structure, while maintaining safe and effective medical care.
Who advocated for the establishment of the Children’s Bureau?
a. Lillian Wald
b. Florence Nightingale
c. Florence Kelly
d. Clara Barton
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lillian Wald, a public health nurse, was instrumental in advocating for the Children’s
Bureau, the first federal agency to focus on child welfare. Her efforts advanced child health programs
and set a precedent for government involvement in child protection.
What resulted from the Children’s Bureau research in the 1930s?
a. Children with heart disease received specialized care.
b. The Child Abuse Prevention Act was passed.
c. Hot lunch programs were started in schools.
d. Children’s asylums were founded.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Research by the Children’s Bureau during the Depression highlighted child malnutrition.
This led to federally supported school lunch programs to improve nutrition and child development,
showing how research directly influenced public health policy.
Which government program increased preschool children’s educational opportunities?
a. WIC
b. Title XIX of Medicaid
c. The Children’s Charter
d. Head Start
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Head Start was created to promote school readiness by enhancing the social, emotional, and
cognitive development of preschool children, especially from low-income families. It addressed both
education and health, reducing developmental disparities.
What guidelines describe multidisciplinary patient care with expected outcomes and timeframes?
a. Clinical pathways
b. Nursing outcome criteria
c. Standards of care
d. Nursing care plan
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clinical pathways, or critical pathways, provide evidence-based guidelines that coordinate
care among disciplines. They outline expected progress, interventions, and timelines, helping reduce
variations in care and improving patient outcomes.
After assessing a hospitalized pediatric patient and interviewing the mother, what is the nursing
student’s next step in creating a care plan?
a. Identify measurable outcomes with a timeline.
b. Choose nursing interventions for the child.
c. Determine nursing diagnoses.
, d. State nursing actions related to the medical diagnosis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Following assessment, the nurse identifies nursing diagnoses using NANDA-I terminology.
This step ensures that patient-specific needs are addressed. Interventions and outcomes are then
chosen to target these diagnoses effectively.
A nursing student on an obstetric rotation asks the registered nurse about the LVN/LPN scope of
practice. What resource should the nurse recommend?
a. American Nurses Association
b. State board of nursing
c. Joint Commission
d. Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Each state board of nursing defines the scope of practice for LVNs/LPNs. Unlike
professional organizations or accrediting bodies, the board has legal authority. This ensures nurses
practice within safe, regulated boundaries based on state law.
What did Karl Cred recommend in 1884?
a. All women should deliver in hospitals.
b. Chemical means should be used to fight infection.
c. Podalic version should be performed on all fetuses.
d. Silver nitrate should be instilled in newborns’ eyes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Karl Cred advised using 2% silver nitrate drops in newborns’ eyes to prevent blindness
caused by gonococcal infection. This simple preventive measure dramatically reduced neonatal eye
disease and became standard practice worldwide.
What is the purpose of the White House Conference on Children and Youth?
a. Set normal growth pattern standards
b. Assess live birth rates in minority groups
c. Fund well-child clinics in rural communities
d. Promote comprehensive child welfare
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These conferences, held every 10 years since 1909, focus on advancing child health, safety,
and education. They highlight national priorities for child welfare and influence public policy.
How many hours of hospitalization are typically allowed for a postpartum patient after an
uncomplicated vaginal delivery?
a. 24
b. 48
c. 36
d. 72
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Current standards allow 48 hours of hospital stay for a normal vaginal birth, ensuring
monitoring of mother and newborn. Cesarean deliveries require longer stays, usually four days, to
allow for recovery and complication prevention.
How do clinical pathways improve quality of care?
a. Provide diagnosis-specific interventions
b. Outline expected progress with set timelines
9th Edition By Leifer
, Chapter 01: The Past, Present, and Future
MULTIPLE CHOICE
A patient chooses a certified registered nurse-midwife (CNM) to provide care during her pregnancy.
What does the CNM’s scope of practice include?
a. Practice independent from medical supervision
b. Comprehensive prenatal care
c. Attendance at all deliveries
d. Cesarean sections
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CNMs are trained to deliver full prenatal and postnatal care, assist with uncomplicated
deliveries, and support the family throughout pregnancy. They do not perform surgical procedures like
cesarean sections, but they collaborate with physicians when complications arise. This ensures safe,
family-centered, and evidence-based maternity care.
Which medical pioneer discovered the link between puerperal fever and unwashed hands?
a. Karl Cred
b. Ignaz Semmelweis
c. Louis Pasteur
d. Joseph Lister
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ignaz Semmelweis recognized that puerperal fever was spread through physicians’
contaminated hands. He advocated handwashing with chlorinated lime solutions, which significantly
reduced maternal deaths. His discovery laid the foundation for infection control in obstetrics.
A pregnant woman who has recently immigrated to the U.S. says, “I am afraid of childbirth. It is so
dangerous. I am afraid I will die.” What is the most culturally sensitive nursing response?
a. Maternal death in the U.S. is very low.
b. Anesthesia is available to relieve pain during labor.
c. Tell me why you are afraid of childbirth.
d. Your condition will be monitored during labor.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Asking about her specific fears encourages expression, builds trust, and respects cultural
beliefs. This approach promotes individualized care while addressing emotional needs, rather than
dismissing her concerns with statistics or general reassurance.
An urban area is reported to have a high perinatal death rate. What does this mean?
a. Maternal and infant deaths per 100,000 live births per year
b. Deaths of fetuses over 500 g per 10,000 births per year
c. Deaths of infants up to 1 year per 1000 live births per year
d. Fetal and neonatal deaths per 1000 live births per year
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The perinatal death rate combines fetal and neonatal deaths within the first week of life per
1000 live births. This measure reflects both maternal health and quality of perinatal care, serving as a
key indicator of community health standards.
What is the primary focus of modern maternity practice?
a. Hospital births for most women
b. The traditional family unit
c. Separation of labor and delivery rooms
,d. A quality family experience for each patient
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Current maternity care emphasizes family-centered approaches that respect cultural,
emotional, and social needs. The goal is to provide a meaningful, supportive birth experience for all
families, regardless of structure, while maintaining safe and effective medical care.
Who advocated for the establishment of the Children’s Bureau?
a. Lillian Wald
b. Florence Nightingale
c. Florence Kelly
d. Clara Barton
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lillian Wald, a public health nurse, was instrumental in advocating for the Children’s
Bureau, the first federal agency to focus on child welfare. Her efforts advanced child health programs
and set a precedent for government involvement in child protection.
What resulted from the Children’s Bureau research in the 1930s?
a. Children with heart disease received specialized care.
b. The Child Abuse Prevention Act was passed.
c. Hot lunch programs were started in schools.
d. Children’s asylums were founded.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Research by the Children’s Bureau during the Depression highlighted child malnutrition.
This led to federally supported school lunch programs to improve nutrition and child development,
showing how research directly influenced public health policy.
Which government program increased preschool children’s educational opportunities?
a. WIC
b. Title XIX of Medicaid
c. The Children’s Charter
d. Head Start
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Head Start was created to promote school readiness by enhancing the social, emotional, and
cognitive development of preschool children, especially from low-income families. It addressed both
education and health, reducing developmental disparities.
What guidelines describe multidisciplinary patient care with expected outcomes and timeframes?
a. Clinical pathways
b. Nursing outcome criteria
c. Standards of care
d. Nursing care plan
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clinical pathways, or critical pathways, provide evidence-based guidelines that coordinate
care among disciplines. They outline expected progress, interventions, and timelines, helping reduce
variations in care and improving patient outcomes.
After assessing a hospitalized pediatric patient and interviewing the mother, what is the nursing
student’s next step in creating a care plan?
a. Identify measurable outcomes with a timeline.
b. Choose nursing interventions for the child.
c. Determine nursing diagnoses.
, d. State nursing actions related to the medical diagnosis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Following assessment, the nurse identifies nursing diagnoses using NANDA-I terminology.
This step ensures that patient-specific needs are addressed. Interventions and outcomes are then
chosen to target these diagnoses effectively.
A nursing student on an obstetric rotation asks the registered nurse about the LVN/LPN scope of
practice. What resource should the nurse recommend?
a. American Nurses Association
b. State board of nursing
c. Joint Commission
d. Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Each state board of nursing defines the scope of practice for LVNs/LPNs. Unlike
professional organizations or accrediting bodies, the board has legal authority. This ensures nurses
practice within safe, regulated boundaries based on state law.
What did Karl Cred recommend in 1884?
a. All women should deliver in hospitals.
b. Chemical means should be used to fight infection.
c. Podalic version should be performed on all fetuses.
d. Silver nitrate should be instilled in newborns’ eyes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Karl Cred advised using 2% silver nitrate drops in newborns’ eyes to prevent blindness
caused by gonococcal infection. This simple preventive measure dramatically reduced neonatal eye
disease and became standard practice worldwide.
What is the purpose of the White House Conference on Children and Youth?
a. Set normal growth pattern standards
b. Assess live birth rates in minority groups
c. Fund well-child clinics in rural communities
d. Promote comprehensive child welfare
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These conferences, held every 10 years since 1909, focus on advancing child health, safety,
and education. They highlight national priorities for child welfare and influence public policy.
How many hours of hospitalization are typically allowed for a postpartum patient after an
uncomplicated vaginal delivery?
a. 24
b. 48
c. 36
d. 72
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Current standards allow 48 hours of hospital stay for a normal vaginal birth, ensuring
monitoring of mother and newborn. Cesarean deliveries require longer stays, usually four days, to
allow for recovery and complication prevention.
How do clinical pathways improve quality of care?
a. Provide diagnosis-specific interventions
b. Outline expected progress with set timelines
