ATI Community Health Proctor Exam STUDY GUIDE ANSWER
KEY (2019, 2020, 2021)
Florence Nightingale's Environment Theory - Impact of environment on health. Focus
on preventative care:
Wash hands etc.
Health Belief Model - Addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and
behaviors
1. Modifying variables
2. Perceived ability/susceptibility
3. Perceived Benefits vs Barriers
4. Cues to action
Modifying variables (HBM) - An individual's personal factors that affect whether the
new behavior is adopted
(Race, gender, age, economy and education)
Perceived ability and susceptibility of getting a disease - If they feel like they are
more likely to get it the more likely they will take action
Perceived Benefits vs Barriers of taking action - See more benefits than barriers then
they will take action, vice versa
Cues to action (HBM) - Factors that activate "readiness to change"
Advice from doctors, seeing advertisements, etc
Community-based nursing - Acute and chronic care of individuals and families to
strengthen their capacity for self-care and promote independence in decision
making.
(Home health nurse)
Community-oriented nursing - Focus on communities, populations
- health promotion, disease prevention, education
- indirect nursing activities
(PHN)
Respect for autonomy - refers to respecting patients' rights to make decisions about
their own healthcare
Nonmaleficence - do no harm
Beneficence - Doing good or causing good to be done; kindly action
, Distributive Justice - Perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards
among individuals
Epidemiology Triangle - agent, host, environment
Agent
(Epidemiological Triangle) - Animate or inanimate factor that must be present of
lacking for a condition/ disease to develop. The agent is what is causing the problem.
Ex. leak of a dangerous chemical, outbreak of Ebola virus
Host
(Epidemiological Triangle) - A living species (human/ animal) that is capable of being
infected or affected by the agent.
Individual exposed to agent resulting in a condition/ disease. (age, sex, race, lifestyle,
immune status)
Environment
(Epidemiological Triangle) - All that is internal or external to a given host or agent
that is affected by the agent.
External conditions (physical, biological, education, socioeconomic status, healthcare
access, social support, culture, climate).
Incidence vs. Prevalence - Incidence is the rate of occurrence in a specified group of
people. usually studied in longitudinal method. (New)
Prevalence is determined by counting the number of individuals who currently have
it. usually done by cross-sectional. (All)
Healthy People 2020 - Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease,
disability, injury, and premature death.
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life
stages.
Primary Prevention - Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring.
(Education [8th or lower], immunizations, etc.)
Secondary Prevention - Efforts to limit the effects of an injury or illness that you
cannot completely prevent. Limit severity. (Screening)
Tertiary Prevention - Actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability
has progressed beyond its early stages
Aculturation - Adopting new cultural traits while maintaining some of the former
ones
KEY (2019, 2020, 2021)
Florence Nightingale's Environment Theory - Impact of environment on health. Focus
on preventative care:
Wash hands etc.
Health Belief Model - Addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and
behaviors
1. Modifying variables
2. Perceived ability/susceptibility
3. Perceived Benefits vs Barriers
4. Cues to action
Modifying variables (HBM) - An individual's personal factors that affect whether the
new behavior is adopted
(Race, gender, age, economy and education)
Perceived ability and susceptibility of getting a disease - If they feel like they are
more likely to get it the more likely they will take action
Perceived Benefits vs Barriers of taking action - See more benefits than barriers then
they will take action, vice versa
Cues to action (HBM) - Factors that activate "readiness to change"
Advice from doctors, seeing advertisements, etc
Community-based nursing - Acute and chronic care of individuals and families to
strengthen their capacity for self-care and promote independence in decision
making.
(Home health nurse)
Community-oriented nursing - Focus on communities, populations
- health promotion, disease prevention, education
- indirect nursing activities
(PHN)
Respect for autonomy - refers to respecting patients' rights to make decisions about
their own healthcare
Nonmaleficence - do no harm
Beneficence - Doing good or causing good to be done; kindly action
, Distributive Justice - Perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards
among individuals
Epidemiology Triangle - agent, host, environment
Agent
(Epidemiological Triangle) - Animate or inanimate factor that must be present of
lacking for a condition/ disease to develop. The agent is what is causing the problem.
Ex. leak of a dangerous chemical, outbreak of Ebola virus
Host
(Epidemiological Triangle) - A living species (human/ animal) that is capable of being
infected or affected by the agent.
Individual exposed to agent resulting in a condition/ disease. (age, sex, race, lifestyle,
immune status)
Environment
(Epidemiological Triangle) - All that is internal or external to a given host or agent
that is affected by the agent.
External conditions (physical, biological, education, socioeconomic status, healthcare
access, social support, culture, climate).
Incidence vs. Prevalence - Incidence is the rate of occurrence in a specified group of
people. usually studied in longitudinal method. (New)
Prevalence is determined by counting the number of individuals who currently have
it. usually done by cross-sectional. (All)
Healthy People 2020 - Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease,
disability, injury, and premature death.
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life
stages.
Primary Prevention - Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring.
(Education [8th or lower], immunizations, etc.)
Secondary Prevention - Efforts to limit the effects of an injury or illness that you
cannot completely prevent. Limit severity. (Screening)
Tertiary Prevention - Actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability
has progressed beyond its early stages
Aculturation - Adopting new cultural traits while maintaining some of the former
ones
