Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis For Disease In Adults And fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Children, 5th Edition Test Bank fl fl fl fl fl
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology fl fl fl
Huether and McCance: Understanding fl fl fl
Pathophysiology,5th Edition
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Chapter 01: Cellular fl fl
BiologyTest Bank
fl fl fl
MULTIPLE CHOICE fl
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have
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supercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by
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fl fl f l the student? fl
a. A single circular chromosome fl fl fl
b. A nucleus fl
c. Free-floating nuclear material fl fl
d. No organelles fl
ANS: B fl
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled
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DNAwithin its nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed.
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A single circular chromosome is characteristic of prokaryotic cells, which do not
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havehistones.
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Free-floating nuclear material describes a prokaryotic cell, which would not have fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
adistinct nucleus.
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Eukaryotic cells have membrane bounded cellular components called organelles.
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Noorganelles describes a prokaryotic cell.
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REF: p. 2 fl fl
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function
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isthe nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
fl fl f l nutrients to energy? fl fl
a. Metabolic absorption fl
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D fl
The ability of the cell to absorb oxygen refers to the cell’s function of respiration.
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, The ability of the cell to function within a society of cells refers to its function
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ofcommunication.
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The ability of the cell to take in nutrients refers to the cell’s function of
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metabolicabsorption.
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The ability of the cell to synthesize new substances and secrete these elsewhere refersto
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the cell’s function of secretion.
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REF: p. 3 fl fl
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell
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wouldmost of the genetic information be contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus
ANS: C fl
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount
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of ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the
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nucleolus.The mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration.
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The ribosomes are involved in manufacturing of proteins within the cell.
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The nucleus contains the nucleolus, and it is the nucleolus that contains
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geneticmaterial.
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REF: p. 5 fl fl
4. The fluid mosaic model for biologic membranes describes membrane behavior.
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According to this model, which of the following float singly or as aggregates in the
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fl fl f l fluid lipid bilayer? fl fl
a. Peripheral membrane proteins fl fl
b. Integral membrane proteins fl fl
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules fl fl
ANS: B fl
Integral membrane proteins float freely in the fluid lipid bilayer.
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Peripheral membrane proteins are not embedded in the layer, but reside at the
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surface.Glycoproteins act as cell surface markers.
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, Cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane and allow cells to
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hooktogether.
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REF: p. 6 fl fl
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors? fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids fl
d. Ligands
ANS: D fl
Ligands are specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell
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membrane.Oxygen moves by diffusion; it does not bind to receptors.
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Ribosomes make proteins and are not involved in fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
binding.Amphipathic lipids are a portion of the cell
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membrane.
fl
REF: p. 11 fl fl
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What finding
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would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer? Alterations in extracellular matrix
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fl fl f l that include:
fl
a. Decreased fibronectin fl
b. Increased collagen fl
c. Decreased elastin fl
d. Increased glycoproteins fl
ANS: A fl
Reduced amounts of fibronectin are found in some types of cancerous cells,
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allowingcancer cells to travel, or metastasize.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Collagen provides strength, and its breakdown is associated with osteoarthritis,
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notcancer.
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Elastin is found in the lungs and allows tissues to stretch; it is not associated
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withcancerous cells.
fl fl fl
Decreased, not increased, glycoproteins are associated with cancerous fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
cells.REF: p. 8
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7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct
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physicalcontact?
fl fl
, a. Cell junction fl
b. Gap junction fl
c. Desmosomes
d. Tight junctions fl
ANS: A fl
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to
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cell.Gap junctions allow communication from the inside of one cell to the inside
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of another.
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Desmosomes are not involved in communication, but allow cells to hold together.
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Tight junctions are barriers that prevent movement of some substances and
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leakagesof others.
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REF: p. 9 fl fl
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from
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neighboring alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
fl fl f l types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A fl
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly
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taken up, destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of
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thesecretion of glucagon.
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When cells produce signals that they themselves respond to, autocrine signaling isused.
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Neurohormonal signaling involves secretion of hormones into the bloodstream fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
byneurosecretory hormones.
fl fl fl
Hormonal signaling involves specialized endocrine cells that secrete hormone
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chemicals released by one set of cells that travel through the tissue through
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thebloodstream to produce a response in other sets of cells.
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REF: p. 11 fl fl
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
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Children, 5th Edition Test Bank fl fl fl fl fl
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology fl fl fl
Huether and McCance: Understanding fl fl fl
Pathophysiology,5th Edition
fl fl fl
Chapter 01: Cellular fl fl
BiologyTest Bank
fl fl fl
MULTIPLE CHOICE fl
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
supercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
fl fl f l the student? fl
a. A single circular chromosome fl fl fl
b. A nucleus fl
c. Free-floating nuclear material fl fl
d. No organelles fl
ANS: B fl
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
DNAwithin its nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
A single circular chromosome is characteristic of prokaryotic cells, which do not
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
havehistones.
fl fl
Free-floating nuclear material describes a prokaryotic cell, which would not have fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
adistinct nucleus.
fl fl fl
Eukaryotic cells have membrane bounded cellular components called organelles.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Noorganelles describes a prokaryotic cell.
fl fl fl fl fl fl
REF: p. 2 fl fl
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
isthe nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
fl fl f l nutrients to energy? fl fl
a. Metabolic absorption fl
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D fl
The ability of the cell to absorb oxygen refers to the cell’s function of respiration.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
, The ability of the cell to function within a society of cells refers to its function
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
ofcommunication.
fl fl
The ability of the cell to take in nutrients refers to the cell’s function of
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
metabolicabsorption.
fl fl
The ability of the cell to synthesize new substances and secrete these elsewhere refersto
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
the cell’s function of secretion.
fl fl fl fl fl
REF: p. 3 fl fl
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
wouldmost of the genetic information be contained?
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus
ANS: C fl
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
of ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
nucleolus.The mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
The ribosomes are involved in manufacturing of proteins within the cell.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, and it is the nucleolus that contains
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
geneticmaterial.
fl fl
REF: p. 5 fl fl
4. The fluid mosaic model for biologic membranes describes membrane behavior.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
According to this model, which of the following float singly or as aggregates in the
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
fl fl f l fluid lipid bilayer? fl fl
a. Peripheral membrane proteins fl fl
b. Integral membrane proteins fl fl
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules fl fl
ANS: B fl
Integral membrane proteins float freely in the fluid lipid bilayer.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Peripheral membrane proteins are not embedded in the layer, but reside at the
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
surface.Glycoproteins act as cell surface markers.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
, Cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane and allow cells to
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
hooktogether.
fl fl
REF: p. 6 fl fl
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors? fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids fl
d. Ligands
ANS: D fl
Ligands are specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
membrane.Oxygen moves by diffusion; it does not bind to receptors.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Ribosomes make proteins and are not involved in fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
binding.Amphipathic lipids are a portion of the cell
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
membrane.
fl
REF: p. 11 fl fl
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What finding
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer? Alterations in extracellular matrix
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
fl fl f l that include:
fl
a. Decreased fibronectin fl
b. Increased collagen fl
c. Decreased elastin fl
d. Increased glycoproteins fl
ANS: A fl
Reduced amounts of fibronectin are found in some types of cancerous cells,
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
allowingcancer cells to travel, or metastasize.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Collagen provides strength, and its breakdown is associated with osteoarthritis,
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
notcancer.
fl fl
Elastin is found in the lungs and allows tissues to stretch; it is not associated
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
withcancerous cells.
fl fl fl
Decreased, not increased, glycoproteins are associated with cancerous fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
cells.REF: p. 8
fl fl fl fl
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
physicalcontact?
fl fl
, a. Cell junction fl
b. Gap junction fl
c. Desmosomes
d. Tight junctions fl
ANS: A fl
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
cell.Gap junctions allow communication from the inside of one cell to the inside
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
of another.
fl fl
Desmosomes are not involved in communication, but allow cells to hold together.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Tight junctions are barriers that prevent movement of some substances and
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
leakagesof others.
fl fl fl
REF: p. 9 fl fl
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
neighboring alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
fl fl f l types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A fl
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
taken up, destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
thesecretion of glucagon.
fl fl fl fl
When cells produce signals that they themselves respond to, autocrine signaling isused.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Neurohormonal signaling involves secretion of hormones into the bloodstream fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
byneurosecretory hormones.
fl fl fl
Hormonal signaling involves specialized endocrine cells that secrete hormone
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
chemicals released by one set of cells that travel through the tissue through
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
thebloodstream to produce a response in other sets of cells.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
REF: p. 11 fl fl
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
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