NU 308 Exam 2 With
Complete Solution
Describe GERD - ANSWER GERD (Gastroesophagael Reflux Disease) This is
when acid (hyrdochloride acid) from the stomach creeps into the esophagus
Who is at increased risk for GERD - ANSWER Obese people
What are some other conditions associated with GERD - ANSWER Barret's
Esophagus
Esophagitis
How do we diagnose GERD - ANSWER Endoscopy
Describe ways to manage GERD - ANSWER Avoid eating and drinking at least
two hours before bed
Do not lay completely supine (head of the bed at 30 degrees)
Avoid caffeine, tobacco, milk. and alcohol
What is a hital hernia - ANSWER This is a herniation of the esophogastric
junction and portion of the stomach into the chest.
What two types of the hernias are there and which one is emergent? -
ANSWER Sliding and rolling. Sliding is the most common type rolling is a
medical emergency.
List causes of a hital hernia - ANSWER Heavy lifting
,pregnancy
tumors
obesity
Intense physical exercise that increases abdominal pressure
How to diagnose a hital hernia - ANSWER Barrium swallow test
Xray
What is the treatment for a hital hernia - ANSWER laprascopic surgery
What is Peptic Ulcer Disease - ANSWER This is erosion of the GI tract from
HCl and pepsin that causes bleeding ulcers
What is the most common site for ulcers - ANSWER The duodenum
What bacteria is most commonly associated with ulcers - ANSWER H Pylori
What two types of ulcers are there ? - ANSWER Gastric ulcers
Duodenal ulcers (more common)
What are some characteristics of gastric ulcers? - ANSWER High pain in the
upper epigastrim area that radiates to the back
This pain can be relieved by antacids
burning or gaseous sensation
Food aggravates pain
What are characteristics of a duodenal ulcer? - ANSWER Mid epigastric pain
beneath xiphoid process
Lower back pain if ulcer is closer to posterior aspect
, Burning or cramp-like pain
How do we care for a patient with peptic ulcers? - ANSWER Perform
abdominal assessments
assess pain
encourage lifestyle changes like quitting smoking
Avoid NSAIDS as these exacerbate ulcers
Proton pump inhibitors
What is included in the upper GI tract - ANSWER The mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
What is included in the lower GI tract - ANSWER The large intestine
rectum
anus
What is the correct order of assessment for the abdomen - ANSWER
Inspection
Auscultation
Percussion
Palpation
Palpation of the painful area
Complete Solution
Describe GERD - ANSWER GERD (Gastroesophagael Reflux Disease) This is
when acid (hyrdochloride acid) from the stomach creeps into the esophagus
Who is at increased risk for GERD - ANSWER Obese people
What are some other conditions associated with GERD - ANSWER Barret's
Esophagus
Esophagitis
How do we diagnose GERD - ANSWER Endoscopy
Describe ways to manage GERD - ANSWER Avoid eating and drinking at least
two hours before bed
Do not lay completely supine (head of the bed at 30 degrees)
Avoid caffeine, tobacco, milk. and alcohol
What is a hital hernia - ANSWER This is a herniation of the esophogastric
junction and portion of the stomach into the chest.
What two types of the hernias are there and which one is emergent? -
ANSWER Sliding and rolling. Sliding is the most common type rolling is a
medical emergency.
List causes of a hital hernia - ANSWER Heavy lifting
,pregnancy
tumors
obesity
Intense physical exercise that increases abdominal pressure
How to diagnose a hital hernia - ANSWER Barrium swallow test
Xray
What is the treatment for a hital hernia - ANSWER laprascopic surgery
What is Peptic Ulcer Disease - ANSWER This is erosion of the GI tract from
HCl and pepsin that causes bleeding ulcers
What is the most common site for ulcers - ANSWER The duodenum
What bacteria is most commonly associated with ulcers - ANSWER H Pylori
What two types of ulcers are there ? - ANSWER Gastric ulcers
Duodenal ulcers (more common)
What are some characteristics of gastric ulcers? - ANSWER High pain in the
upper epigastrim area that radiates to the back
This pain can be relieved by antacids
burning or gaseous sensation
Food aggravates pain
What are characteristics of a duodenal ulcer? - ANSWER Mid epigastric pain
beneath xiphoid process
Lower back pain if ulcer is closer to posterior aspect
, Burning or cramp-like pain
How do we care for a patient with peptic ulcers? - ANSWER Perform
abdominal assessments
assess pain
encourage lifestyle changes like quitting smoking
Avoid NSAIDS as these exacerbate ulcers
Proton pump inhibitors
What is included in the upper GI tract - ANSWER The mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
What is included in the lower GI tract - ANSWER The large intestine
rectum
anus
What is the correct order of assessment for the abdomen - ANSWER
Inspection
Auscultation
Percussion
Palpation
Palpation of the painful area
