MCPHS Anatomy & Physiology Exam 2 Practice Questions and Answers

MCPHS Anatomy & Physiology Exam 2 Practice Questions and Answers Which of the following surrounds cartilage? - Answer️️ -perichondrium Bone tissue consists of extracellular bone ____ and bone cells. - Answer️️ -matrix Mature bone matrix is composed of _________ material like collagen and proteoglycans and ________ material like hydroxyapatite. - Answer️️ -organic, inorganic What are osteoblasts? - Answer️️ -Bone-forming cells that produce and package matrix collagen and proteoglycans identify the 4 components of the skeletal system - Answer️️ -bones, tendons, cartilages, ligaments What are mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone called? - Answer️️ - osteocytes What is the perichondrium? - Answer️️ -connective tissue surrounding cartilage Which of the following describes the lacunae of osseous tissue? - Answer️️ -Spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes Describe the overall composition of bone tissue. - Answer️️ -Bone consists of bone cells and matrix. The bones cells create the matrix, which is constantly being maintained and replaced. ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Monday, September 2, 2024 12:59 PM Page | 2 What is an osteoclast? - Answer️️ -A bone-destroying cell that plays an important role in bone remodeling By weight, mature bone matrix is mostly _____ material. - Answer️️ -inorganic a _____ bone is the traditional model for overall bone structure - Answer️️ -long Immature bone cells that produce the organic bone matrix are called ______. - Answer️️ -osteoblasts The center portion of a long bone is called the - Answer️️ -diaphysis The hollow space in which an osteocyte resides is called a(n) - Answer️️ -lacuna The bone cells responsible for the breakdown of bone tissue are called - Answer️️ - osteoclasts The end of a long bone is called a(n) - Answer️️ -epiphysis The diaphysis is the center portion of a(n) _____ bone. - Answer️️ -long The layer of connective tissue lining internal surfaces of bones is called - Answer️️ - endosteum Flat bones contain an interior framework of _____ bone sandwiched between two layers of _____ bone. Multiple choice question. - Answer️️ -spongy, compact During development, some bones arise from embryonic connective tissue membranes in a process known as _____ bone formation. - Answer️️ -intramembranous What is the expanded end of a long bone to which tendons and ligaments attach called? - Answer️️ -epiphysis ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Monday, September 2, 2024 12:59 PM Page | 3 In which zone of the epiphyseal plate are chondrocytes multiplying and aligning into longitudinal columns of flattened lacunae? - Answer️️ -zone of cell proliferation Which layer of tissue lines the internal surfaces of a bone? - Answer️️ -endosteum Which type of bone contains an interior framework of spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone? - Answer️️ -flat bone Bone formation associated with cartilage is called ______ ossification. - Answer️️ - endochondral The zone of the epiphyseal plate that is nearest the epiphysis and contains randomly arranged chondrocytes is the zone of ___ - Answer️️ -resting cartilage Which of the following describes the zone of cell hypertrophy in an epiphyseal plate? - Answer️️ -Chondrocytes in this zone are no longer dividing, but are enlarging; there is a thinning of lacunae walls. Long bones increase in width and other bones increase in size or thickness because of ______ growth beneath the periosteum. - Answer️️ -appositional An adult's potential height is determined by genetics but strongly influenced or modified by what other factors? Select two answers. - Answer️️ -hormones & nutrition What is rickets? - Answer️️ -A condition caused by insufficient levels of vitamin D. Describe the zone of resting cartilage. - Answer️️ -The zone with randomly arranged chondrocytes nearest the epiphysis The vitamin that is necessary for osteoblasts to produce collagen is - Ans