NU308 Exam 3 Guide With
Complete Solution
1st line of defense of upper respiratory tract
ciliated epithelium, nasal mucus, mast cells lining the mucosa
*nasal mucosa supplied vascular controlled by ANS
*maintain homeostasis by getting rid of excess acid (CO2)
allergic rhinitis s/s and complications
sneezing, watery eyes, nasal congestion
complications: loss of taste, sinusitis, chronic cough, middle ear infection
explain the pathology of allergic rhinitis
Exposure to allergen
Plasma cell releases IgE antibodies
IgE antibodies bind to mast cell
Pollen binds to IgE antibodies and causes histamine release
Histamine causes allergy s/s
Histamine H1 vs H2
H1: found in smooth muscle of vascular system and bronchial tree (s/s of
allergic rhinitis)
,H2: found in stomach (peptic ulcers)
pharmacotherapy preventers vs relievers for allergic rhinitus
preventer: prophylaxis, antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, mast cell
stabilizers
relievers: provided relief for acute s/s, oral/intranasal decongestants,
sympathomimetic class
intranasal vs oral sympathomimetics
nasal is more efficacious because if works locally where the congestion but
can only take up to 5 days or rebound congestion
oral more systemic effects, slower response time, 1st pass effect
common cold
Etiology: viral infection of upper respiratory tract
Self limiting -few effects and usually only lasts short period of time
with/without tx
cough
natural reflex mechanism that forcibly removes excess secretions and foreign
material
inhalation vs aerosol therapy
, inhalation: most common route to rapidly and effectively deliver drugs to
site of action, rich blood supply for rapid onset of action
aerosol: suspension of droplets or particles in a gas then administered to
lungs, hard to measure precise dose, almost immediate onset, do not
swallow, rinse mouth
Devices Used for Aerosol Therapy
Nebulizer -vaporizes liquid drug into fine mist
Metered dose inhaler -propellant, delivers measured dose into lungs, time
inhalation with puffs
Spacer to decrease need to time
Dry powder inhaler -pt inhales powder, activated by inhaling on the device
Asthma definition and goals of therpy
bronchoconstriction and inflammation
goals: prevent/reduce asthma attacks and terminate attack in progress
status asthmaticus
prolonged attack does not respond to therpy, can remain with
Complete Solution
1st line of defense of upper respiratory tract
ciliated epithelium, nasal mucus, mast cells lining the mucosa
*nasal mucosa supplied vascular controlled by ANS
*maintain homeostasis by getting rid of excess acid (CO2)
allergic rhinitis s/s and complications
sneezing, watery eyes, nasal congestion
complications: loss of taste, sinusitis, chronic cough, middle ear infection
explain the pathology of allergic rhinitis
Exposure to allergen
Plasma cell releases IgE antibodies
IgE antibodies bind to mast cell
Pollen binds to IgE antibodies and causes histamine release
Histamine causes allergy s/s
Histamine H1 vs H2
H1: found in smooth muscle of vascular system and bronchial tree (s/s of
allergic rhinitis)
,H2: found in stomach (peptic ulcers)
pharmacotherapy preventers vs relievers for allergic rhinitus
preventer: prophylaxis, antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, mast cell
stabilizers
relievers: provided relief for acute s/s, oral/intranasal decongestants,
sympathomimetic class
intranasal vs oral sympathomimetics
nasal is more efficacious because if works locally where the congestion but
can only take up to 5 days or rebound congestion
oral more systemic effects, slower response time, 1st pass effect
common cold
Etiology: viral infection of upper respiratory tract
Self limiting -few effects and usually only lasts short period of time
with/without tx
cough
natural reflex mechanism that forcibly removes excess secretions and foreign
material
inhalation vs aerosol therapy
, inhalation: most common route to rapidly and effectively deliver drugs to
site of action, rich blood supply for rapid onset of action
aerosol: suspension of droplets or particles in a gas then administered to
lungs, hard to measure precise dose, almost immediate onset, do not
swallow, rinse mouth
Devices Used for Aerosol Therapy
Nebulizer -vaporizes liquid drug into fine mist
Metered dose inhaler -propellant, delivers measured dose into lungs, time
inhalation with puffs
Spacer to decrease need to time
Dry powder inhaler -pt inhales powder, activated by inhaling on the device
Asthma definition and goals of therpy
bronchoconstriction and inflammation
goals: prevent/reduce asthma attacks and terminate attack in progress
status asthmaticus
prolonged attack does not respond to therpy, can remain with
