2023 AQA A LEVEL BIOLOGY PAPER 1 TEST BANK
ALL 1355 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
| ALREADY GRADED A
What type of theory can cell theory be described as? - ANSWER- A unifying
concept
What is a unifying concpet? - ANSWER- A concept that is universally accepted
among the scientific community
What are the three main ideas that Cell Theory states? - ANSWER- - All living
organisms are made up of one or more cells
-Cells are the basic functional unit
- New cells are produced from pre-existing cells
Describe what is meant by this statement: "Cells are the basic functional unit" -
ANSWER- That cells are the basic unit of structure and organization within an
organism
Name sub-cellular structures that compose the structure of Eukaryotic Cells -
ANSWER- Cell Surface Membrane
Cell wall
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes
Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Golgi Apparatus
(vacuoles)
Vesicles
,Lysosomes
Centrioles
Microtubules
What are all cells surrounded by? - ANSWER- a cell surface membrane
What is the function of the plasma membrane? - ANSWER- To control the
exchange of materials between the internal and external environment of the cell
What is the plasma membrane formed from? - ANSWER- phospholipid bilayer
What is a phospholipid? - ANSWER- It is a lipid that has a phosphate group
attached to the glycerol and only two fatty acid chains.
Estimate the diameter of the phospholipid bilayer of the cell surface membrane -
ANSWER- ~10nm in diameter
What term can be used to describe the plasmsa membrane - ANSWER- partially
permeable
Define partially permeable - ANSWER- membrane that allows some substances to
cross but not others.
Where are cell walls formed? - ANSWER- Outside the cell surface membrane
What is the function of the cell wall? - ANSWER- A rigid layer that supports the
cell and provides shape while simultaneously providing protection
How is the structural support of the cell wall provided in plants? - ANSWER-
Through the polysaccharide cellulose
How is structural support of the cell wall provided in most bacterial cells? -
ANSWER- Peptidoglycan (a.k.a. murein)
How can the cell wall be described? - ANSWER- Freely permeable to most
substances
What are plasmodesmata? - ANSWER- Narrow threads of cytoplasm (surrounded
by plasma membrane) connect the cytoplasms of neighbouring plant cells together
,Describe the function of the mitochondria - ANSWER- They are the site of aerobic
respiration within eukaryotes
Describe the features of the Mitochondria's membrane - ANSWER- They are
surrounded by a double membrane with the inner membrane folded to form
structures called cristae.
What are the functions of Cristae? - ANSWER- -Increase surface area of the inner
membrane
-allows inner membrane to accommodate large numbers of the protein complexes
needed for: solute transport, electron transport, ATP synthesis
What is the area within the Mitochondria's double membrane called? - ANSWER-
the matrix
What is the function of the matrix which is formed by the cristae? - ANSWER- To
contain enzymes required for aerobic respiration resulting in the synthesis of ATP
Other than enzymes what else can be found in the matrix and state its purpose -
ANSWER- Small pieces of mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes are also found in
the matrix which are required for replication
Are mitochondria visible under light microscopes - ANSWER- Just as they are
large organelles
Other than the plasms membrane what is present in all eukaryotic cells? -
ANSWER- Nucleus and it is relatively large
What separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm - ANSWER- A double membrane
called the nuclear envelope which contains many nuclear pores
Why are nuclear pores important? [two marks in and out] - ANSWER- They act as
important channels for:
- mRNA and Ribosomes to travel out
- enzymes and signaling molecules to travel in.
Give an example of an enzyme required in the nucleus - ANSWER- DNA
polymerase
What can be found within the nucleoplasm? - ANSWER- Chromatin
, When does chromatin dissolve into Chromosomes? - ANSWER- During the
prophase stage of mitosis
What do Chromosomes consist of? - ANSWER- Chromosomes consist of linear
DNA tightly wound around proteins called histones
What sub-cellular structure do most nuclei contain at least one of? - ANSWER-
Nucleolus
What is the function of the nucleolus? - ANSWER- To be the site of ribosome
production
What are Chloroplasts - ANSWER- A membrane bound organelle which act as the
site of photosynthesis
Compare the size of a chloroplast to a mitochondrion - ANSWER- larger
Describe the membrane of a chloroplast? - ANSWER- Chloroplasts are surrounded
by double membranes.
What is the stroma? - ANSWER- The fluid filled internal space within a
chloroplast
Which structures can be found within the stroma? - ANSWER- - Thylakoids
- Grana
- Small circular pieces of Chloroplast DNA
- Ribosomes
- Lipid Droplets
- Starch Granules
What are thylakoids? - ANSWER- Membrane-bound compartments which contain
chlorophyll
What is chlorophyll? - ANSWER- Chlorophyll is a green photosynthetic pigment
embedded within the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts
What is the function of chlorophyll? - ANSWER- To absorb the wavelengths of
visible light between 400 and 700 nanometers to provide energy for the light
dependent stages of photosynthesis
ALL 1355 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
| ALREADY GRADED A
What type of theory can cell theory be described as? - ANSWER- A unifying
concept
What is a unifying concpet? - ANSWER- A concept that is universally accepted
among the scientific community
What are the three main ideas that Cell Theory states? - ANSWER- - All living
organisms are made up of one or more cells
-Cells are the basic functional unit
- New cells are produced from pre-existing cells
Describe what is meant by this statement: "Cells are the basic functional unit" -
ANSWER- That cells are the basic unit of structure and organization within an
organism
Name sub-cellular structures that compose the structure of Eukaryotic Cells -
ANSWER- Cell Surface Membrane
Cell wall
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes
Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Golgi Apparatus
(vacuoles)
Vesicles
,Lysosomes
Centrioles
Microtubules
What are all cells surrounded by? - ANSWER- a cell surface membrane
What is the function of the plasma membrane? - ANSWER- To control the
exchange of materials between the internal and external environment of the cell
What is the plasma membrane formed from? - ANSWER- phospholipid bilayer
What is a phospholipid? - ANSWER- It is a lipid that has a phosphate group
attached to the glycerol and only two fatty acid chains.
Estimate the diameter of the phospholipid bilayer of the cell surface membrane -
ANSWER- ~10nm in diameter
What term can be used to describe the plasmsa membrane - ANSWER- partially
permeable
Define partially permeable - ANSWER- membrane that allows some substances to
cross but not others.
Where are cell walls formed? - ANSWER- Outside the cell surface membrane
What is the function of the cell wall? - ANSWER- A rigid layer that supports the
cell and provides shape while simultaneously providing protection
How is the structural support of the cell wall provided in plants? - ANSWER-
Through the polysaccharide cellulose
How is structural support of the cell wall provided in most bacterial cells? -
ANSWER- Peptidoglycan (a.k.a. murein)
How can the cell wall be described? - ANSWER- Freely permeable to most
substances
What are plasmodesmata? - ANSWER- Narrow threads of cytoplasm (surrounded
by plasma membrane) connect the cytoplasms of neighbouring plant cells together
,Describe the function of the mitochondria - ANSWER- They are the site of aerobic
respiration within eukaryotes
Describe the features of the Mitochondria's membrane - ANSWER- They are
surrounded by a double membrane with the inner membrane folded to form
structures called cristae.
What are the functions of Cristae? - ANSWER- -Increase surface area of the inner
membrane
-allows inner membrane to accommodate large numbers of the protein complexes
needed for: solute transport, electron transport, ATP synthesis
What is the area within the Mitochondria's double membrane called? - ANSWER-
the matrix
What is the function of the matrix which is formed by the cristae? - ANSWER- To
contain enzymes required for aerobic respiration resulting in the synthesis of ATP
Other than enzymes what else can be found in the matrix and state its purpose -
ANSWER- Small pieces of mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes are also found in
the matrix which are required for replication
Are mitochondria visible under light microscopes - ANSWER- Just as they are
large organelles
Other than the plasms membrane what is present in all eukaryotic cells? -
ANSWER- Nucleus and it is relatively large
What separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm - ANSWER- A double membrane
called the nuclear envelope which contains many nuclear pores
Why are nuclear pores important? [two marks in and out] - ANSWER- They act as
important channels for:
- mRNA and Ribosomes to travel out
- enzymes and signaling molecules to travel in.
Give an example of an enzyme required in the nucleus - ANSWER- DNA
polymerase
What can be found within the nucleoplasm? - ANSWER- Chromatin
, When does chromatin dissolve into Chromosomes? - ANSWER- During the
prophase stage of mitosis
What do Chromosomes consist of? - ANSWER- Chromosomes consist of linear
DNA tightly wound around proteins called histones
What sub-cellular structure do most nuclei contain at least one of? - ANSWER-
Nucleolus
What is the function of the nucleolus? - ANSWER- To be the site of ribosome
production
What are Chloroplasts - ANSWER- A membrane bound organelle which act as the
site of photosynthesis
Compare the size of a chloroplast to a mitochondrion - ANSWER- larger
Describe the membrane of a chloroplast? - ANSWER- Chloroplasts are surrounded
by double membranes.
What is the stroma? - ANSWER- The fluid filled internal space within a
chloroplast
Which structures can be found within the stroma? - ANSWER- - Thylakoids
- Grana
- Small circular pieces of Chloroplast DNA
- Ribosomes
- Lipid Droplets
- Starch Granules
What are thylakoids? - ANSWER- Membrane-bound compartments which contain
chlorophyll
What is chlorophyll? - ANSWER- Chlorophyll is a green photosynthetic pigment
embedded within the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts
What is the function of chlorophyll? - ANSWER- To absorb the wavelengths of
visible light between 400 and 700 nanometers to provide energy for the light
dependent stages of photosynthesis
