NUT 10V FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Why is bioavailability a major concern with trace minerals? - Answers -The interactions
among minerals affect their utilization.
What is iron's function in the body and how does iron deficiency relate to iron function? -
Answers -Iron's function is regulation through oxygen transportation. Iron deficiency can
be can result in poor oxygen transport which can lead to fatigue, smooth tongue, and
spooned
nails.
What factors impact iron's bioavailability? - Answers -Iron status and form of iron in
food. Vitamin C and meat boost bioavailability while
oxalate, phytate, fiber, and tannins decrease it.
How do iron requirements differ for men and women, and how well do men and women
meet their needs? - Answers -For men the requirement is 8 mg while women's is 18 mg.
For pregnant women it is 27 mg. It is a lot easier for men to meet their needs than
women and pregnant women need
to take dietary supplements to meet their requirements.
What is the body's requirement for zinc? - Answers -Female: 8 mg, Male: 11 mg
What factors impact zinc bioavailability? - Answers -Bioavailability decreases with
phytate (grains) and oxalate (greens).
Where and why would iodine deficiency be expected in certain parts of the world? -
Answers -Places with low iodine in soil → low iodine in foods.
How does fluoride work to strengthen tooth enamel? - Answers -Teeth become more
resistant to decay-dental caries.
What is niacin's role in energy metabolism? - Answers -Coenzyme in carbohydrate,
protein, and fat energy metabolism and fat production.
How did a monotonous diet of corn grits, black-eyed peas, and salt pork lead to niacin
deficiency in the US in the early 1900s? - Answers -The diet was low in niacin, there
was low bioavailability in corn, and it had poor quality
protein (black-eyed peas and salt pork).
What specific role do B12 and folate play in cell replication and how do they impact
blood cell formation? - Answers -Both B vitamins are coenzymes in the growth and
turnover of new cells and are needed
for metabolism of protein metabolite homocysteine (heart disease risk). B12 also
functions
, in the manufacture of nerve fiber coverage.
What are some special considerations for vitamin B12? - Answers -- Requires a special
factor made in stomach for absorption - Intrinsic Factor (IF)
- Mineral Cobalt is part of B12 structure
- Stored in liver (approximately 2 year supply)
- Found only in animal-based food or fermented food
What micronutrients are added back during the enrichment process? - Answers --
Niacin
- Iron
- Thiamin
- Riboflavin
- Folate (1996)
Are enriched refined grains nutritionally comparable to whole grains? - Answers -No
What are the functions of vitamin C and how do they relate to connective tissue? -
Answers -Needed in the formation of collagen, aids in iron absorption, and acts as an
antioxidant.
Who requires vitamin C and why? - Answers -Humans, other primates, and guinea pigs.
Do vitamin C supplements provide health benefits? - Answers -Yes
What are minerals? - Answers -Elemental substances other than C, H, O, N.
What basic functions do minerals play in the body? - Answers -Structure and regulation.
What is meant by bioavailability? - Answers -Proportion or % of a nutrient (mineral)
available/absorbed by the body.
What factors impact bioavailability? - Answers -Impacted by growth, pregnancy, aging,
medications, fiber, form of mineral in food, and factors in
food.
What are the functions of calcium? - Answers -Bone and teeth structure, blood clot
process, and muscle/nerve function.
How do dietary requirements of calcium change during the life-cycle? - Answers -It
increases until you are an adult (19+) and increases again when you reach 71+ years.
What are major dietary sources of iodine and fluoride? - Answers -Fluoride: Water,
toothpaste, mouthwash, communities with fluoridated water supply
Why is bioavailability a major concern with trace minerals? - Answers -The interactions
among minerals affect their utilization.
What is iron's function in the body and how does iron deficiency relate to iron function? -
Answers -Iron's function is regulation through oxygen transportation. Iron deficiency can
be can result in poor oxygen transport which can lead to fatigue, smooth tongue, and
spooned
nails.
What factors impact iron's bioavailability? - Answers -Iron status and form of iron in
food. Vitamin C and meat boost bioavailability while
oxalate, phytate, fiber, and tannins decrease it.
How do iron requirements differ for men and women, and how well do men and women
meet their needs? - Answers -For men the requirement is 8 mg while women's is 18 mg.
For pregnant women it is 27 mg. It is a lot easier for men to meet their needs than
women and pregnant women need
to take dietary supplements to meet their requirements.
What is the body's requirement for zinc? - Answers -Female: 8 mg, Male: 11 mg
What factors impact zinc bioavailability? - Answers -Bioavailability decreases with
phytate (grains) and oxalate (greens).
Where and why would iodine deficiency be expected in certain parts of the world? -
Answers -Places with low iodine in soil → low iodine in foods.
How does fluoride work to strengthen tooth enamel? - Answers -Teeth become more
resistant to decay-dental caries.
What is niacin's role in energy metabolism? - Answers -Coenzyme in carbohydrate,
protein, and fat energy metabolism and fat production.
How did a monotonous diet of corn grits, black-eyed peas, and salt pork lead to niacin
deficiency in the US in the early 1900s? - Answers -The diet was low in niacin, there
was low bioavailability in corn, and it had poor quality
protein (black-eyed peas and salt pork).
What specific role do B12 and folate play in cell replication and how do they impact
blood cell formation? - Answers -Both B vitamins are coenzymes in the growth and
turnover of new cells and are needed
for metabolism of protein metabolite homocysteine (heart disease risk). B12 also
functions
, in the manufacture of nerve fiber coverage.
What are some special considerations for vitamin B12? - Answers -- Requires a special
factor made in stomach for absorption - Intrinsic Factor (IF)
- Mineral Cobalt is part of B12 structure
- Stored in liver (approximately 2 year supply)
- Found only in animal-based food or fermented food
What micronutrients are added back during the enrichment process? - Answers --
Niacin
- Iron
- Thiamin
- Riboflavin
- Folate (1996)
Are enriched refined grains nutritionally comparable to whole grains? - Answers -No
What are the functions of vitamin C and how do they relate to connective tissue? -
Answers -Needed in the formation of collagen, aids in iron absorption, and acts as an
antioxidant.
Who requires vitamin C and why? - Answers -Humans, other primates, and guinea pigs.
Do vitamin C supplements provide health benefits? - Answers -Yes
What are minerals? - Answers -Elemental substances other than C, H, O, N.
What basic functions do minerals play in the body? - Answers -Structure and regulation.
What is meant by bioavailability? - Answers -Proportion or % of a nutrient (mineral)
available/absorbed by the body.
What factors impact bioavailability? - Answers -Impacted by growth, pregnancy, aging,
medications, fiber, form of mineral in food, and factors in
food.
What are the functions of calcium? - Answers -Bone and teeth structure, blood clot
process, and muscle/nerve function.
How do dietary requirements of calcium change during the life-cycle? - Answers -It
increases until you are an adult (19+) and increases again when you reach 71+ years.
What are major dietary sources of iodine and fluoride? - Answers -Fluoride: Water,
toothpaste, mouthwash, communities with fluoridated water supply
