TNCC 8th edition exam with complete solution
What are the greatest risks for transport? - ANSWER: Loss of airway patency,
displaced obstructive tubes lines or catheters, dislodge splinting devices, need to
replace or reinforce dressings, deterioration in patient status change in vital signs or
level of consciousness, injury to the patient and/or team members
According to newtons law which of these two force is greater: size or force? -
ANSWER: Neither. For each force there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What is the relationship between mass and velocity to kinetic energy? - ANSWER:
Kinetic energy is equal to 1/2 the mass multiplied the square of its velocity therefore
when mass is doubled so is the net energy, however, when velocity is doubled
energy is quadrupled.
What is tension? - ANSWER: stretching force by pulling at opposite ends
What is compression? - ANSWER: Crushing by squeezing together
What is bending? - ANSWER: Loading about an axis. Bending causes compression on
the side the person is bending toward intention to the opposite side
What is shearing? - ANSWER: Damage by tearing or bending by exerting faucet
different parts in opposite directions at the same time.
What is torsion? - ANSWER: Torsion forces twist ends in opposite directions.
What is combined loading? - ANSWER: Any combination of tension compression
torsion bending and/or shear.
What are the four types of trauma related injuries? - ANSWER: Blunt, penetrating,
thermal, or blast.
What are contributing factors to injuries related to blunt traumas? - ANSWER: The
point of impact on the patient's body, the type of surface that is hit, the tissues
ability to resist (bone versus soft tissue, air-filled versus solid organs), and the
trajectory of force.
What are the seven patterns of pathway injuries related to motor vehicle accidents?
- ANSWER: Up and over, down and under, lateral, rotational, rear, roll over, and
ejection.
Differentiate between the three impacts of motor vehicle impact sequence. -
ANSWER: The first impact occurs when the vehicle collided with another object. The
second impact occurs after the initial impact when the occupant continues to move
, in the original direction of travel until they collide with the interior of the vehicle or
meet resistance. The third impact occurs when internal structures collide within the
body cavity.
What are the three factors that contribute to the damage caused by penetrating
trauma's? - ANSWER: The point of impact, the velocity and speed of impact, and the
proximity to the object.
What causes the primary effects of blast traumas? - ANSWER: The direct blast
effects. Types of injuries include last long, tympanic membrane rupture and middle
ear damage, abdominal hemorrhage and perforation, global rupture, mild Trumatic
brain injury.
What causes the secondary effects of blast traumas? - ANSWER: Projectiles propelled
by the explosion. Injuries include penetrating or blunt injuries or I penetration.
What causes the tertiary effects of blast traumas? - ANSWER: Results from
individuals being thrown by the blast wind. Injuries include hole or partial body
translocation from being thrown against a hard service: blunt or penetrating
trauma's, fractures, traumatic amputations.
What causes quarternary effects of blast traumas? - ANSWER: All explosion related
injuries, illnesses, or diseases not due to the first three mechanisms. Injuries include
external and internal burns, crush injuries, closed and open brain injuries, asthmatic
or breathing problems from dust smoke or toxic fumes, angina, or hyper glycemia
and hypertension.
What causes quinary effects of blasts traumas? - ANSWER: Those associated with
exposure to hazardous materials from radioactive, biologic, or chemical components
of a blast. Injuries include a variety of health effects depending on agent.
What are the three processes that transfer oxygen from the air to the lungs and
blood stream - ANSWER: Ventilation: the active mechanical movement of air into
and out of the lungs; diffusion: the passive movement of gases from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; and perfusion: the
movement of blood to and from the lungs as a delivery medium of oxygen to the
entire body.
When would you use a nasopharyngeal airway versus an oral pharyngeal airway? -
ANSWER: Nasopharyngeal airways is contraindicated in patients with facial trauma
or a suspected basilar skull fracture. Oral pharyngeal airways is used in unresponsive
patients unable to maintain their airway, without a gag reflex as a temporary
measure to facilitate ventilation with a bag mask device or spontaneous ventilation
until the patient can be intubated.
Describe the measurement of an NPA - ANSWER: Measure from the tip of the
patient's nose to the tip of the patients earlobe.
What are the greatest risks for transport? - ANSWER: Loss of airway patency,
displaced obstructive tubes lines or catheters, dislodge splinting devices, need to
replace or reinforce dressings, deterioration in patient status change in vital signs or
level of consciousness, injury to the patient and/or team members
According to newtons law which of these two force is greater: size or force? -
ANSWER: Neither. For each force there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What is the relationship between mass and velocity to kinetic energy? - ANSWER:
Kinetic energy is equal to 1/2 the mass multiplied the square of its velocity therefore
when mass is doubled so is the net energy, however, when velocity is doubled
energy is quadrupled.
What is tension? - ANSWER: stretching force by pulling at opposite ends
What is compression? - ANSWER: Crushing by squeezing together
What is bending? - ANSWER: Loading about an axis. Bending causes compression on
the side the person is bending toward intention to the opposite side
What is shearing? - ANSWER: Damage by tearing or bending by exerting faucet
different parts in opposite directions at the same time.
What is torsion? - ANSWER: Torsion forces twist ends in opposite directions.
What is combined loading? - ANSWER: Any combination of tension compression
torsion bending and/or shear.
What are the four types of trauma related injuries? - ANSWER: Blunt, penetrating,
thermal, or blast.
What are contributing factors to injuries related to blunt traumas? - ANSWER: The
point of impact on the patient's body, the type of surface that is hit, the tissues
ability to resist (bone versus soft tissue, air-filled versus solid organs), and the
trajectory of force.
What are the seven patterns of pathway injuries related to motor vehicle accidents?
- ANSWER: Up and over, down and under, lateral, rotational, rear, roll over, and
ejection.
Differentiate between the three impacts of motor vehicle impact sequence. -
ANSWER: The first impact occurs when the vehicle collided with another object. The
second impact occurs after the initial impact when the occupant continues to move
, in the original direction of travel until they collide with the interior of the vehicle or
meet resistance. The third impact occurs when internal structures collide within the
body cavity.
What are the three factors that contribute to the damage caused by penetrating
trauma's? - ANSWER: The point of impact, the velocity and speed of impact, and the
proximity to the object.
What causes the primary effects of blast traumas? - ANSWER: The direct blast
effects. Types of injuries include last long, tympanic membrane rupture and middle
ear damage, abdominal hemorrhage and perforation, global rupture, mild Trumatic
brain injury.
What causes the secondary effects of blast traumas? - ANSWER: Projectiles propelled
by the explosion. Injuries include penetrating or blunt injuries or I penetration.
What causes the tertiary effects of blast traumas? - ANSWER: Results from
individuals being thrown by the blast wind. Injuries include hole or partial body
translocation from being thrown against a hard service: blunt or penetrating
trauma's, fractures, traumatic amputations.
What causes quarternary effects of blast traumas? - ANSWER: All explosion related
injuries, illnesses, or diseases not due to the first three mechanisms. Injuries include
external and internal burns, crush injuries, closed and open brain injuries, asthmatic
or breathing problems from dust smoke or toxic fumes, angina, or hyper glycemia
and hypertension.
What causes quinary effects of blasts traumas? - ANSWER: Those associated with
exposure to hazardous materials from radioactive, biologic, or chemical components
of a blast. Injuries include a variety of health effects depending on agent.
What are the three processes that transfer oxygen from the air to the lungs and
blood stream - ANSWER: Ventilation: the active mechanical movement of air into
and out of the lungs; diffusion: the passive movement of gases from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; and perfusion: the
movement of blood to and from the lungs as a delivery medium of oxygen to the
entire body.
When would you use a nasopharyngeal airway versus an oral pharyngeal airway? -
ANSWER: Nasopharyngeal airways is contraindicated in patients with facial trauma
or a suspected basilar skull fracture. Oral pharyngeal airways is used in unresponsive
patients unable to maintain their airway, without a gag reflex as a temporary
measure to facilitate ventilation with a bag mask device or spontaneous ventilation
until the patient can be intubated.
Describe the measurement of an NPA - ANSWER: Measure from the tip of the
patient's nose to the tip of the patients earlobe.
