MLT BOC Study Guide with Complete Solutions

MLT BOC Study Guide with Complete Solutions pancreas is connected to? - Answer️️ -the small intestine Endocrine islet of langerghans are made up of three cell types - Answer️️ -Alpha cells, beta cells, and delta cells Alpha cells make? - Answer️️ -Glucagon which stimulates glycogen into glucose glycogenolysis. Beta cells make - Answer️️ -Insulin which promotes glycogenesis and lowers glucose levels Delta cells make - Answer️️ -Gastrin and somatostatin Amylase - Answer️️ -Break down startch and glycogen. Increased in acute panncreatitis Lipase - Answer️️ -Hydrolyzes fats to make alcohols and fatty acids. Increased in acute pancreatis. Cystic Fibrosis - Answer️️ -genetic dysfunction of exocrine glands like liver lungs saliva glands pulmonary disease intestinal malabsorption caused by lack of pancreatic enzymes excretion ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS Saturday, September 7, 2024 6:58 PM Page | 2 pancreatitis - Answer️️ -pancreas inflammation seenwith alcohol abuse gallbladder disorder can be acute or chroniccaused by release of pancreatic enzymes from cells into surrounding pancreatic tissue Diabetis mellitus - Answer️️ -Type I and II and GD notenough insulin that leads to hyperglycemia and the destruction of beta cells pancreatic cancer - Answer️️ -5% survival rate seen in pancreatic dust insulinoma at the beta cells in islets increased insulin and hypoglycemia Pancreatic exocrine Function test - Answer️️ -Secretin. Quantitative fecal fat. Sweat cl test(pilocarpine nitrate stimulated sweating). Enzyme testing(amaylase lipase) Glycogenesis - Answer️️ -Glycogen formation from glucose Glycogenolysis - Answer️️ -Glycogen breakdown to glucose Glycolysis - Answer️️ -Catabolism of glucose to pyruvate for ATP Gluconeogenesis - Answer️️ -Formation of glucose from aa and lipids Fasting plasma glucose for diabetes - Answer️️ -> or = 126 mg/dL 2 hr post prandial plasma glucose for diabetes - Answer️️ -> or = 200 mg/dL OGTT oralglucose tolerance test for diabetes - Answer️️ -> or = 200 Nonlactose fermenting, hydrogen sulfide producing, indole and VP negative but utilises citrate as a source of carbon - Answer️️ -Salmonella Rh haplotype among whites - Answer️️ -DCe antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing pattern for homogeneous - Answer️️ -nucleus (nuclei) of the interphase cell smooth staining in the nucleus of the interphase cells ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS Saturday, September 7, 2024 6:58 PM Page | 3 Chediak-Hegash Syndrome - Answer️️ -defined as the abnormal fusion of cytoplasmic lysozymes in granulocytes and occasionally monocytes. This condition is associated with albino characteristics, photophobia, and frequent infections (as the granules are dysfunctional and cannot fight infection appropriately) Alder-Reilly is associated with - Answer️️ -genetic mucopoly- saccharidoses. Patients with mucopolysaccharidoses do not have the lysozymal enzymes necessary to break down mucopolysaccharides; hence dense azurophilic granules, resembling toxic granulation in neutrophils, are seen in all leukocytes. toxic granulation - Answer️️ -associated with an increased amount of granulation inside leukocytes and is most commonly observed in: infections and inflammatory conditions. many small granules jaundiced patient experiencing a marked rise in alkaline phosphatase, conjugated bilirubin, and a slight rise in ALT - Answer️️ -Post-hepatic obstruction is characterized by a marked increase in alkaline phosphatase, GGT, con