NR 507 Patho Mid term Exam
Housekeeping genes are vital to the function and maintenance of all the body's cells. What
characteristic is associated with these genes? - ANSWER D. They are transcriptionally active.
Mutations in the encoding of histones modifying proteins have been shown to influence the
development of what congenial condition - ANSWER Heart disease
Signals to change or modify epigenetic tags are ... from where? - ANSWER Signals come from inside
the cell, from neighboring cells or the environment
During which stage of human development does the role of epigenetics have the greatest impact on
the development of epigenetic abnormalities - ANSWER A. In utero
The difference between DNA sequence mutations and epigenetic modifications is? - ANSWER
Epigenetic modifications are REVERSIBLE
Explain the characteristics of totipotent stem cells and the sources of it - ANSWER Totipotent cells
are cells that can mature into any type of body cell in an organism including the cells that make up
the placenta in mammals. Totipotent cells are only present in mammals in the first few cell divisions
of an embryo.
Give 2 examples of totipotent cells - ANSWER A zygote
Cells in the early embyro up to 5 days
What is a Totipotent cell? - ANSWER Totipotent cells are cells that can differentiate into any type of
body cell and extra embryonic tissue
What are the characteristics of Prader-Willi syndrome? - ANSWER 1. Chronic feeling of hunger
(severe, even life-threatening obesity)
2. Low muscle tone
3. Short
4. Poor sex characteristic development
5. Behavioral problems
,6. Poor cognitive development
Angelman syndrome is sometimes called "happy puppet syndrome." What are the signs of this
disorder? - ANSWER 1. Severe mental retardation
2. No speech
3. Abnormal gait
4. Wide stance
5. Arms held out kinda weird
What is the most common genetic cause of Prader-Willi syndrome? - ANSWER A deletion of a
segment of PATERNAL chromosome 15q. The maternal counterpart is methylated via genomic
imprinting.
What is the most common genetic cause of Angelman syndrome? - ANSWER A deletion of a
segment of MATERNAL chromosome 15q. The paternal counterpart is methylated via genomic
imprinting.
A child with Prader-Willi syndrome has been hospitalized. Which assessment findings does the nurse
expect with this syndrome? - ANSWER Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by insatiable hunger
that can lead to morbid obesity in childhood. Abnormal, puppetlike gait, paroxysms of inappropriate
laughter, and nonverbal are characteristics seen in Angelman syndrome.
The nurse is examining an 8-year-old boy with chromosomal abnormalities. Which sign or symptom
suggests the boy has Angelman syndrome? - ANSWER Observation shows jerky ataxic movement
Angelman syndrome is characterized by jerky ataxic movements, similar to a puppet's gait.
Hypotonicity is a symptom of Angelman syndrome as well as Prader Willi syndrome, and Cri-du-chat.
Cleft palate is a symptom of velo-cardio-facial/DiGeorge syndrome
What is the role of inactive MLH1 in the development of some forms of inherited colon cancer? -
ANSWER DNA Damage is left unrepaired
When considering abnormal epigenetic modifications, what factor is currently being viewed as
strongly associated with the development of some cancers? - ANSWER Environmental Stressors
, 42. The most common cause of pathologic hyperbilirubinemia is: - ANSWER Hemolytic disorders in
the newborn are the most common cause of pathologic jaundice.
Which infant is most likely to express Rh incompatibility? - ANSWER Infant of an Rh-negative
mother and a father who is Rh positive and homozygous for the Rh factor
Rh-positive offspring of an Rh-negative mother are at risk for Rh incompatibility
Rh hemolytic disease is suspected in a mother's second baby, a son. Which factor is important in
understanding how this could develop? - ANSWER The first child was Rh positive
The nurse is caring for an infant with hemolytic disease. Which medication should the nurse
anticipate to be prescribed to decrease the bilirubin level? - ANSWER Phenobarbital
Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn? -
ANSWER mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive
The nurse is caring for a newborn with hemolytic disease of the newborn who is receiving
phototherapy. Which of the following nursing interventions would be most appropriate for the nurse
to do? - ANSWER The nurse turns the newborn every 3 or 4 hours
A patient diagnosed with acute primary HIV infection is in the clinic. What treatment should be
initiated for this patient? - ANSWER Combination antiretroviral therapy
Didanosine therapy once daily
Zidovudine therapy once daily
Monotherapy protease inhibitor therapy
A patient has human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A nurse realizes the HIV will attack: - ANSWER
C) helper T cells.
The nursing instructor is discussing the development of human immunodeficiency disease (HIV) with
the students. What should the instructor inform the class about helper T cells? - ANSWER Fighting
infection *
Housekeeping genes are vital to the function and maintenance of all the body's cells. What
characteristic is associated with these genes? - ANSWER D. They are transcriptionally active.
Mutations in the encoding of histones modifying proteins have been shown to influence the
development of what congenial condition - ANSWER Heart disease
Signals to change or modify epigenetic tags are ... from where? - ANSWER Signals come from inside
the cell, from neighboring cells or the environment
During which stage of human development does the role of epigenetics have the greatest impact on
the development of epigenetic abnormalities - ANSWER A. In utero
The difference between DNA sequence mutations and epigenetic modifications is? - ANSWER
Epigenetic modifications are REVERSIBLE
Explain the characteristics of totipotent stem cells and the sources of it - ANSWER Totipotent cells
are cells that can mature into any type of body cell in an organism including the cells that make up
the placenta in mammals. Totipotent cells are only present in mammals in the first few cell divisions
of an embryo.
Give 2 examples of totipotent cells - ANSWER A zygote
Cells in the early embyro up to 5 days
What is a Totipotent cell? - ANSWER Totipotent cells are cells that can differentiate into any type of
body cell and extra embryonic tissue
What are the characteristics of Prader-Willi syndrome? - ANSWER 1. Chronic feeling of hunger
(severe, even life-threatening obesity)
2. Low muscle tone
3. Short
4. Poor sex characteristic development
5. Behavioral problems
,6. Poor cognitive development
Angelman syndrome is sometimes called "happy puppet syndrome." What are the signs of this
disorder? - ANSWER 1. Severe mental retardation
2. No speech
3. Abnormal gait
4. Wide stance
5. Arms held out kinda weird
What is the most common genetic cause of Prader-Willi syndrome? - ANSWER A deletion of a
segment of PATERNAL chromosome 15q. The maternal counterpart is methylated via genomic
imprinting.
What is the most common genetic cause of Angelman syndrome? - ANSWER A deletion of a
segment of MATERNAL chromosome 15q. The paternal counterpart is methylated via genomic
imprinting.
A child with Prader-Willi syndrome has been hospitalized. Which assessment findings does the nurse
expect with this syndrome? - ANSWER Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by insatiable hunger
that can lead to morbid obesity in childhood. Abnormal, puppetlike gait, paroxysms of inappropriate
laughter, and nonverbal are characteristics seen in Angelman syndrome.
The nurse is examining an 8-year-old boy with chromosomal abnormalities. Which sign or symptom
suggests the boy has Angelman syndrome? - ANSWER Observation shows jerky ataxic movement
Angelman syndrome is characterized by jerky ataxic movements, similar to a puppet's gait.
Hypotonicity is a symptom of Angelman syndrome as well as Prader Willi syndrome, and Cri-du-chat.
Cleft palate is a symptom of velo-cardio-facial/DiGeorge syndrome
What is the role of inactive MLH1 in the development of some forms of inherited colon cancer? -
ANSWER DNA Damage is left unrepaired
When considering abnormal epigenetic modifications, what factor is currently being viewed as
strongly associated with the development of some cancers? - ANSWER Environmental Stressors
, 42. The most common cause of pathologic hyperbilirubinemia is: - ANSWER Hemolytic disorders in
the newborn are the most common cause of pathologic jaundice.
Which infant is most likely to express Rh incompatibility? - ANSWER Infant of an Rh-negative
mother and a father who is Rh positive and homozygous for the Rh factor
Rh-positive offspring of an Rh-negative mother are at risk for Rh incompatibility
Rh hemolytic disease is suspected in a mother's second baby, a son. Which factor is important in
understanding how this could develop? - ANSWER The first child was Rh positive
The nurse is caring for an infant with hemolytic disease. Which medication should the nurse
anticipate to be prescribed to decrease the bilirubin level? - ANSWER Phenobarbital
Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn? -
ANSWER mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive
The nurse is caring for a newborn with hemolytic disease of the newborn who is receiving
phototherapy. Which of the following nursing interventions would be most appropriate for the nurse
to do? - ANSWER The nurse turns the newborn every 3 or 4 hours
A patient diagnosed with acute primary HIV infection is in the clinic. What treatment should be
initiated for this patient? - ANSWER Combination antiretroviral therapy
Didanosine therapy once daily
Zidovudine therapy once daily
Monotherapy protease inhibitor therapy
A patient has human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A nurse realizes the HIV will attack: - ANSWER
C) helper T cells.
The nursing instructor is discussing the development of human immunodeficiency disease (HIV) with
the students. What should the instructor inform the class about helper T cells? - ANSWER Fighting
infection *
