APUSH AMSCO Period 1 Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

APUSH AMSCO Period 1 Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions Columbian Exchange - Answer️️ -Trans-Atlantic trade of animals, plants, germs, and people. Profoundly changed each area it hit (Europe, North America, South America, Caribbean, Africa) Natives and Africans - Answer️️ -Were used for labor in agriculture and mining precious metals. Resisted oppression by maintaining elements of their cultures. European countries in America - Answer️️ -Spanish and Portuguese, followed by the French and Dutch, and then the English. Columbus and other explorers - Answer️️ -When writing history, (predominantly white, male) historians wrote of _________________ as great explorers, with a heroic legacy. As the stories of different kinds of people began to take a greater role in the story of America, these people are increasingly seen as invaders of great societies. European diseases and violence - Answer️️ -Destroyed the diverse and vibrant pre- Columbian cultures. Original discovery of America - Answer️️ -Occurred at least 10,000 years before Columbus. Most likely 30,000-40,000 years ago. The theory is that migrants from Asia crossed a land bridge between Siberia and Alaska, which was covered in water at the end of the Ice Age. Another theory is that the migrants came on boats. ©SOPHIABENNETT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 7:59 PM Page | 2 The first Americans - Answer️️ -Evolved into hundreds of tribes, spoke hundreds of languages, and practiced different cultures. There were at least twenty language families in North America alone. AD 300-800 - Answer️️ -The Mayas built remarkable cities in the rainforest of the Yucatan Peninsula (present day Guatemala, Belize, and southern Mexico.) Tenochtitlan - Answer️️ -Aztec capital. Had a population of over 200,000. Incas - Answer️️ -Developed a vast empire in Peru. Corn and potatoes - Answer️️ -Main diet of the Aztecs, Maya, and Incas. Pre Columbian population of North America - Answer️️ -Anywhere between 1 million and 10 million North American native societies - Answer️️ -Smaller and less sophisticated in the traditional sense than Mesoamerica and South America Cultivation of corn - Answer️️ -Took a long time to diffuse to North America Most North American tribes - Answer️️ -By the time Columbus arrived, they lived in semipermanent settlements in groups seldom exceeding 300 people. Men and women - Answer️️ -___________ made tools and hunted for game, while __________ gathered plants and nuts or grew crops such as corn, beans, and tobacco. Native American languages - Answer️️ -Constituted more than 20 language families. The largest were Algonquian, Siouan, and Athabaskan. Southwest settlements - Answer️️ -Groups such as the Hokokam, Anasazi, and Pueblos. Supported by farming with complex irrigation systems. They lived in caves, under cliffs, and in multistoried buildings. ©SOPHIABENNETT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 7:59 PM Page | 3 Northwest settlements - Answer️️ -Along the Pacific Coast from what is today Alaska to northern California. Lived in longhouses or plank houses. Diet based on hunting, fishing, and gathering. Saved stories and myths with totem poles. Great Plains - Answer️️ -Most people were either nomadic hunters or sedentary farmers. Lived in tipis and earthen lodges. Tribes such as the Lakota Sioux and the Apache. Horses came in 17th century. Midwest settlements - Answer️️ -Prospered with a rich food supply. Supported by hunting, fishing, and agriculture. Adena-Hopewell culture is famous for the mounds they built. Northeast settlements - Answer️️ -Their culture combined hunting and farming. The farming techniques exhausted the land, so they had to leave. Iroquois Confederation lived here. Collection of Oneida, Mohawk, Onondaga, Seneca, Cayuga working together to govern. Atlantic Seaboard Settlements - Answer️️ -Lived in the area south of New Jersey to Florida. Descendants of Woodlands mound builders. Renaissance - Answer️️ -Time after the Middle Ages in which people, particularly in Italy, rediscovered the Classical Age (Greece and Rome). Spanned all areas of study, including art, music, and philosophy. Also sparked an increased interest in science, which allowed the necessary technology for trans-Atlantic trav