TEST BANK For Stuart Fox, Human Physiology 16th
Edition By Stuart Fox; Krista Rompolski Verified
Chapters 1 - 20, Complete Newest Version
Kidney Functions - ANSWER:Regulation of the extracellular fluid environment in
the body, including: Volume of blood plasma (affects blood
pressure), Wastes, Electrolytes, pH.
Renal cortex - ANSWER:Granular outer cortex of the kidney containing many
capillaries, the renal corpuscles and renal tubules.
Renal medulla - ANSWER:Stripped middle section containing the "pyramids" and
"columns" containing the collecting ducts and blood vessels.
Renal corpuscles - ANSWER:Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
Bowman's Capsule - ANSWER:Fluids from glomerulus are collected here
Glomerulus - ANSWER:This is where filtration begins.
Nephron - ANSWER:Functional unit of the kidneys with more than one million on
each kidney. Consists of small tubules and
associated blood vessels
Two type of Nephrons - ANSWER:juxtamedullary and cortical
Juxtamedullary nephron - ANSWER:better at making concentrated urine
Cortical nephron - ANSWER:Majority of nephrons in the kidneys
Micturition - ANSWER:Urination
Detrusor muscles - ANSWER:Line the wall of the urinary
bladder. Innervated by parasympathetic neurons and release acetylcholine onto
muscarinic ACh receptors.
Gap junctions - ANSWER:Connect smooth muscle cells
Sphincters - ANSWER:Surround urethra
Different Type of Sphincters - ANSWER:Internal urethral sphincter and External
urethral sphincter
Internal urethral sphincter - ANSWER:Made of smooth muscle.
, External urethral sphincter - ANSWER:Made of skeletal muscle.
Stretch receptors in the bladder - ANSWER:Send information to S2−S4 regions of the
spinal cord
Guarding reflex - ANSWER:When the bladder is filling, sensory neurons in the
bladder activated by stretch stimulate interneurons located in the S2 through S4
segments of the spinal cord. Parasympathetic nerves to the detrusor muscle are
inhibited while the striated muscle of the external urethral sphincter is stimulated by
somatic motor neurons. and prevents the involuntary emptying of the bladder
Voiding reflex - ANSWER:When the bladder is sufficiently stretched sensory
information passes up the spinal cord to the pons, where a group of neurons
functions as a micturition center. The micturition center activates the
parasympathetic nerve to the detrusor muscle, causing rhythmic contractions.
Inhibition of sympathetic neurons may also cause relaxation of the internal urethral
sphincter. Person can control with the external urethra sphincter.
Blood Vessels - ANSWER:-Renal artery
-Interlobar artery
-Arcuate artery
-Interlobular artery
-Afferent arteriole
-Glomerulus capillaries
-Efferent arteriole
-Peritubular capillaries
-Vasa recta
-Interlobular vein
-Arcuate vein
-Interlobar vein
-Renal vein
Filtrate produced in renal corpuscle - ANSWER:Passes into the proximal convoluted
tubule.
Proximal convoluted tubule - ANSWER:Consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells
containing millions of microvilli. 65% of the reabsorption of salt and water. In
addition, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and ions such as Cl-, K+, Ca2+, HCO3- should
be reabsorbed. Secretes H+. Transfer filtrate to the descending loop of Henle.
Descending loop of Henle - ANSWER:Permeable to water only because since the
surrounding interstitial fluid is hypertonic to the filtrate moving water out by
osmosis. Transfer water to the Ascending loop of Henle
Ascending loop of Henle - ANSWER:Permeable to NA, Cl, K but not water. Filtrate is
transferred to the Distal tubule.
Edition By Stuart Fox; Krista Rompolski Verified
Chapters 1 - 20, Complete Newest Version
Kidney Functions - ANSWER:Regulation of the extracellular fluid environment in
the body, including: Volume of blood plasma (affects blood
pressure), Wastes, Electrolytes, pH.
Renal cortex - ANSWER:Granular outer cortex of the kidney containing many
capillaries, the renal corpuscles and renal tubules.
Renal medulla - ANSWER:Stripped middle section containing the "pyramids" and
"columns" containing the collecting ducts and blood vessels.
Renal corpuscles - ANSWER:Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
Bowman's Capsule - ANSWER:Fluids from glomerulus are collected here
Glomerulus - ANSWER:This is where filtration begins.
Nephron - ANSWER:Functional unit of the kidneys with more than one million on
each kidney. Consists of small tubules and
associated blood vessels
Two type of Nephrons - ANSWER:juxtamedullary and cortical
Juxtamedullary nephron - ANSWER:better at making concentrated urine
Cortical nephron - ANSWER:Majority of nephrons in the kidneys
Micturition - ANSWER:Urination
Detrusor muscles - ANSWER:Line the wall of the urinary
bladder. Innervated by parasympathetic neurons and release acetylcholine onto
muscarinic ACh receptors.
Gap junctions - ANSWER:Connect smooth muscle cells
Sphincters - ANSWER:Surround urethra
Different Type of Sphincters - ANSWER:Internal urethral sphincter and External
urethral sphincter
Internal urethral sphincter - ANSWER:Made of smooth muscle.
, External urethral sphincter - ANSWER:Made of skeletal muscle.
Stretch receptors in the bladder - ANSWER:Send information to S2−S4 regions of the
spinal cord
Guarding reflex - ANSWER:When the bladder is filling, sensory neurons in the
bladder activated by stretch stimulate interneurons located in the S2 through S4
segments of the spinal cord. Parasympathetic nerves to the detrusor muscle are
inhibited while the striated muscle of the external urethral sphincter is stimulated by
somatic motor neurons. and prevents the involuntary emptying of the bladder
Voiding reflex - ANSWER:When the bladder is sufficiently stretched sensory
information passes up the spinal cord to the pons, where a group of neurons
functions as a micturition center. The micturition center activates the
parasympathetic nerve to the detrusor muscle, causing rhythmic contractions.
Inhibition of sympathetic neurons may also cause relaxation of the internal urethral
sphincter. Person can control with the external urethra sphincter.
Blood Vessels - ANSWER:-Renal artery
-Interlobar artery
-Arcuate artery
-Interlobular artery
-Afferent arteriole
-Glomerulus capillaries
-Efferent arteriole
-Peritubular capillaries
-Vasa recta
-Interlobular vein
-Arcuate vein
-Interlobar vein
-Renal vein
Filtrate produced in renal corpuscle - ANSWER:Passes into the proximal convoluted
tubule.
Proximal convoluted tubule - ANSWER:Consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells
containing millions of microvilli. 65% of the reabsorption of salt and water. In
addition, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and ions such as Cl-, K+, Ca2+, HCO3- should
be reabsorbed. Secretes H+. Transfer filtrate to the descending loop of Henle.
Descending loop of Henle - ANSWER:Permeable to water only because since the
surrounding interstitial fluid is hypertonic to the filtrate moving water out by
osmosis. Transfer water to the Ascending loop of Henle
Ascending loop of Henle - ANSWER:Permeable to NA, Cl, K but not water. Filtrate is
transferred to the Distal tubule.
