Portage NURS 251 - Test 4
Cover typical blood glucose goals including fasting blood glucose, pre and post prandial blood glucose and HbA1c. -
Correct Answer Fasting blood glucose = 70-140mg/dL
Preprandial (before meal) = 80-130 mg/dL
Postprandial (2 hr after meal) = <180 mg/dL
HbA1C = < 7%
Describe how glucocorticoids exert their anti-inflammatory effect. - Correct Answer The glucocorticoids work at the
cellular level to bind to receptors that either activate the production of anti-inflammatory proteins or prevent
proinflammatory protein production.
Describe the basic pathophysiology of diabetes, specifically in the pancreas. - Correct Answer Diabetes is when the
pancreas no longer produces insulin or the cells in the body stop responding to insulin or some combination of the
two.
Describe the risks associated with long term use of glucocorticoids. - Correct Answer Symptoms similar to Cushing's
disease such as, abnormal fat deposits causing a rounded "moon face" or "buffalo hump" on their shoulders. Steroid
psychosis is associated with long term use. Prolonged use will result in increased gluconeogenesis which can lead to
obesity or diabetes. It will also lead to increased protein catabolism which will show up as muscle weakness and
wasting, thinning of skin, osteoporosis, decreased growth in children, decreased wound healing, increased infections.
Explain the basic mechanism of action around contraceptive medications. - Correct Answer By taking an oral
contraceptive, the women is introducing exogenous estrogen and progesterone into their body that would not
normally be there. This is enough of a change to signal the inhibition of FSH and LH resulting in no ovulation as well
as changes to the endometrium that prevent implantation.
Hormones associated with the anterior pituitary gland - Correct Answer -Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
-Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
-Growth Hormone (GH)
-Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
-Prolactin (PH)
-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH),
Hormones associated with the posterior pituitary gland - Correct Answer -Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
-Oxytocin
How does Amylin Agonist work to lower blood glucose? - Correct Answer amylin is a hormone released by the beta
cells specifically in response to food. It functions to decrease postprandial glucose levels. This happens in three
ways: slows gastric emptying, slows glucagon secretion and glucose production in the lover, increases the sense of
feeling full. Amylin agonists work by mimicking the body's amylin.
How does Incretin Mimetics work to lower blood glucose? - Correct Answer incretins are hormones released by the
GI tracts in response to food. They stimulate insulin secretion, lower postprandial glucagon, slow gastric emptying
and increase the feeling of fullness. Incretin mimetics similarly enhance all of these effects.
Hyperglycemia - Correct Answer higher than normal glucose level in the blood; fasting blood glucose greater than
126mg/dl
Hyperthyroidism drugs (and how they work) - Correct Answer methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU) are two
antithyroid drugs available that work by inhibiting the formation of the thyroid hormones.
Hyperthyroidism symptoms - Correct Answer diarrhea, flushing, increased appetite, muscle weakness, fatigue,
palpitations, irritability, nervousness, heat intolerance and altered menstrual flow
Cover typical blood glucose goals including fasting blood glucose, pre and post prandial blood glucose and HbA1c. -
Correct Answer Fasting blood glucose = 70-140mg/dL
Preprandial (before meal) = 80-130 mg/dL
Postprandial (2 hr after meal) = <180 mg/dL
HbA1C = < 7%
Describe how glucocorticoids exert their anti-inflammatory effect. - Correct Answer The glucocorticoids work at the
cellular level to bind to receptors that either activate the production of anti-inflammatory proteins or prevent
proinflammatory protein production.
Describe the basic pathophysiology of diabetes, specifically in the pancreas. - Correct Answer Diabetes is when the
pancreas no longer produces insulin or the cells in the body stop responding to insulin or some combination of the
two.
Describe the risks associated with long term use of glucocorticoids. - Correct Answer Symptoms similar to Cushing's
disease such as, abnormal fat deposits causing a rounded "moon face" or "buffalo hump" on their shoulders. Steroid
psychosis is associated with long term use. Prolonged use will result in increased gluconeogenesis which can lead to
obesity or diabetes. It will also lead to increased protein catabolism which will show up as muscle weakness and
wasting, thinning of skin, osteoporosis, decreased growth in children, decreased wound healing, increased infections.
Explain the basic mechanism of action around contraceptive medications. - Correct Answer By taking an oral
contraceptive, the women is introducing exogenous estrogen and progesterone into their body that would not
normally be there. This is enough of a change to signal the inhibition of FSH and LH resulting in no ovulation as well
as changes to the endometrium that prevent implantation.
Hormones associated with the anterior pituitary gland - Correct Answer -Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
-Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
-Growth Hormone (GH)
-Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
-Prolactin (PH)
-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH),
Hormones associated with the posterior pituitary gland - Correct Answer -Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
-Oxytocin
How does Amylin Agonist work to lower blood glucose? - Correct Answer amylin is a hormone released by the beta
cells specifically in response to food. It functions to decrease postprandial glucose levels. This happens in three
ways: slows gastric emptying, slows glucagon secretion and glucose production in the lover, increases the sense of
feeling full. Amylin agonists work by mimicking the body's amylin.
How does Incretin Mimetics work to lower blood glucose? - Correct Answer incretins are hormones released by the
GI tracts in response to food. They stimulate insulin secretion, lower postprandial glucagon, slow gastric emptying
and increase the feeling of fullness. Incretin mimetics similarly enhance all of these effects.
Hyperglycemia - Correct Answer higher than normal glucose level in the blood; fasting blood glucose greater than
126mg/dl
Hyperthyroidism drugs (and how they work) - Correct Answer methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU) are two
antithyroid drugs available that work by inhibiting the formation of the thyroid hormones.
Hyperthyroidism symptoms - Correct Answer diarrhea, flushing, increased appetite, muscle weakness, fatigue,
palpitations, irritability, nervousness, heat intolerance and altered menstrual flow
