Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents
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,MULTIPLE CHOICE t
1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statement
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t bestdescribes development in infants and children?
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a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates t t t t t t t t t
withinnormal limits.
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b. Development is primarilyrelated to the growth in the number and size ofcells. t t t t t t t t t t t t t
c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle t t t t t t t t
developmentoccurring first.
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d. Development is more easilyand accuratelymeasured than growth. t t t t t t t t
ANS: A t
Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs function
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t and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can varynormally
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t within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a definitionfor growth.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization occurring as a
t t t t t t t t t t t t
t result of large muscle organization. Development is a more complex process thatis affected by
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t many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured. Growth is a predictable process
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t with standard measurement methods.
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2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
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a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to
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identifyanydelays or deficits.
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b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
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c. Critical periods ofdevelopment occur during childhood. t t t t t t
d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
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Material t t t t t t t t t t
ANS: C t
Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific developmental
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t tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of time in their growth
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development that requires frequent
t t t t t t t t t t t t
t evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a nurturingenvironment will
t t t t t t t t t t t
t develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation specific to theirdevelopmental
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t stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed in a predictable patternon the basis
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t of each individuals abilities and potentials.
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3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
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a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
d. Nutrition
ANS: C t
Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although
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t factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do not
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant factor that
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and development
t t t t t t t t t t t
t but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant rolein determining
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can influence how and to
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
which extent genetic traits are manifested, but environmental factors cannoteliminate the effect of
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t genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a significant role throughout childhood.
t t t t t t t t t t t t
4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory, the period of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact from fantasy is the period of
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cognitive development.
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a. sensorimotor
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t t t t t t t t t t
,MULTIPLE CHOICE t
1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statement
t t t t t t t t t t t
t bestdescribes development in infants and children?
t t t t t t
a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates t t t t t t t t t
withinnormal limits.
t t t
b. Development is primarilyrelated to the growth in the number and size ofcells. t t t t t t t t t t t t t
c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle t t t t t t t t
developmentoccurring first.
t t t
d. Development is more easilyand accuratelymeasured than growth. t t t t t t t t
ANS: A t
Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs function
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can varynormally
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a definitionfor growth.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization occurring as a
t t t t t t t t t t t t
t result of large muscle organization. Development is a more complex process thatis affected by
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured. Growth is a predictable process
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t with standard measurement methods.
t t t
2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
t t t t t t t
a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to
t t t t t t t t
identifyanydelays or deficits.
t t t t t
b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
t t t t t t t t
c. Critical periods ofdevelopment occur during childhood. t t t t t t
d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
t t t t t t
, Stuvia.com
Stuvia.com
Stuvia.com The Marketplace
- The
- The Marketplace MSell
to Buy and arketplace to Buy
to
your Study Buy
Material t t t t t t t t t t
ANS: C t
Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific developmental
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of time in their growth
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development that requires frequent
t t t t t t t t t t t t
t evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a nurturingenvironment will
t t t t t t t t t t t
t develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation specific to theirdevelopmental
t t t t t t t t t t t
t stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed in a predictable patternon the basis
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t of each individuals abilities and potentials.
t t t t t
3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
t t t t t t t t t t
a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
d. Nutrition
ANS: C t
Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although
t t t t t t t t t t
t factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do not
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant factor that
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and development
t t t t t t t t t t t
t but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant rolein determining
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can influence how and to
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
which extent genetic traits are manifested, but environmental factors cannoteliminate the effect of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a significant role throughout childhood.
t t t t t t t t t t t t
4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory, the period of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact from fantasy is the period of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
cognitive development.
t t
a. sensorimotor
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