COPD TEST 2024-2025
COPD Definition: ANSWER Life A dangerous lung illness that interferes with
regular breathing, not just a "smoker's cough." It is a progressive illness state
characterised by airflow limitation, which is not completely reversible.
A mixture of: - Airway illness.
-Destruction of the parenchyma.
-An abnormal pulmonary inflammatory ANSWER
Resulting in:
-Chronic inflammation.
-The lung's elastic recoil lessens.
-Expiratory minor airway collapse.
COPD is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Chronic Bronchitis - Excess bronchial mucus.
Daily productive cough for more than three months in two consecutive years.
Bronchial fibrosis
Hyper-responsiveness
Excessive mucous production
- enlarged mucosal glands
- Increased the amount of goblet cells.
- Inflammatory Infiltration
, Emphysema is defined as an abnormal and persistent expansion of the air space
distal to the terminal bronchiole.
Destruction of alveolar walls without visible fibrosis.
Loss of elastic recoil causes higher lung compliance.
Genetic risk factor *Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency*: may never smoke.
COPD Epidemiology - ANSWER 2004: 64 million cases worldwide, amounting
for 6-10% of the adult population.
In 2005, there were 3 million associated deaths, accounting for 5% of total deaths.
The baby boomer generation is expected to cause a 30% rise in total deaths over the
next ten years.
Affects both males and women equally.
50 percent of smokers are impacted.
Approximately 80% of diagnosed patients have had significant exposure to tobacco
smoke.
COPD Causes and Risk Factors—ANSWER Host factors
-Genetic predisposition: hereditary lack of a-1-antitrypsin glycoprotein
- Hyperresponsiveness of the airways
-Reduced lung growth
Exposures
-Tobacco smoke.
Occupational dusts and chemicals
COPD Definition: ANSWER Life A dangerous lung illness that interferes with
regular breathing, not just a "smoker's cough." It is a progressive illness state
characterised by airflow limitation, which is not completely reversible.
A mixture of: - Airway illness.
-Destruction of the parenchyma.
-An abnormal pulmonary inflammatory ANSWER
Resulting in:
-Chronic inflammation.
-The lung's elastic recoil lessens.
-Expiratory minor airway collapse.
COPD is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Chronic Bronchitis - Excess bronchial mucus.
Daily productive cough for more than three months in two consecutive years.
Bronchial fibrosis
Hyper-responsiveness
Excessive mucous production
- enlarged mucosal glands
- Increased the amount of goblet cells.
- Inflammatory Infiltration
, Emphysema is defined as an abnormal and persistent expansion of the air space
distal to the terminal bronchiole.
Destruction of alveolar walls without visible fibrosis.
Loss of elastic recoil causes higher lung compliance.
Genetic risk factor *Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency*: may never smoke.
COPD Epidemiology - ANSWER 2004: 64 million cases worldwide, amounting
for 6-10% of the adult population.
In 2005, there were 3 million associated deaths, accounting for 5% of total deaths.
The baby boomer generation is expected to cause a 30% rise in total deaths over the
next ten years.
Affects both males and women equally.
50 percent of smokers are impacted.
Approximately 80% of diagnosed patients have had significant exposure to tobacco
smoke.
COPD Causes and Risk Factors—ANSWER Host factors
-Genetic predisposition: hereditary lack of a-1-antitrypsin glycoprotein
- Hyperresponsiveness of the airways
-Reduced lung growth
Exposures
-Tobacco smoke.
Occupational dusts and chemicals
