NURS 5366 NURSING RESEARCH
STATISTICS WEEK 5 EXAM 2024-2025
Chapter 3: Descriptive Statistics, Probability, and Measures of Central Tendency
Descriptive statistics are produced to identify sample characteristics and to describe
study variables.
ANSWER: To characterize a sample, develop a frequency distribution of the
variable or variables being researched.
- is a plot of one variable, whereby the x-axis comprises of conceivable values of
that variable, and the y-axis is a total of each value.
Inferential Statistics - ANSWER computed to draw conclusions and make
inferences about the larger population from the sample data set.
Bi-modal means having or giving two modes, ways, systems, etc.
-having two values/categories with the highest occurrence and equal rates.
Central Tendency - An indicator of the core of data.
-nominal variable = categorical differences. For example, consider gender (the
propensity of samples of a given measurement to cluster around a central value).
Measures of central tendency are descriptive statistics.
The mean, median, and mode of a frequency distribution are statistical indicators of
central tendency.
Mean is the mathematical average of all values of a variable.
,The median is the exact middle value (or the average of the middle two values if
there are even numbers of observations).
Mode denotes the most frequently occurring value in a data set. A single sample
can have many modes.
A normal curve's mean, median, and mode are equal or nearly identical.
Multimodal - ANSWER has more than two modes.
Unimodal - Answer When distribution has only one mode.
-The frequencies gradually decrease as one moves away from the mode. Symmetric
distributions are typically unimodal.
If you find a bimodal, the answer indicates that you have not defined your
population.
Mode is the most often occurring measure (value or category) in the distribution
data.
Mean - Answer termed location parameter.
The most common central tendency requires interval and ratio data.
-sum of values divided by the total number of observations.
Median - ANSWER for ordinal, interval, and ratio data, the value in the center
when all measured values are arranged from least to greatest, or the 50th percentile
value.
Rank-ordered data (ordinal, interval, and ratio)
Has a second measure of central tendencies:median
, Range is the difference between the highest and minimum values of a variable in a
distribution.
probability - ANSWER likelihood that a specific outcome will occur after an event.
**long-run relative frequency (e.g., dice/100 rolls)
Standard Deviation is the average distance of values from the variable mean. Large
SD indicates that the spread among variables in the data set is large.
FORMULA:
-1 First, find the mean (average), then enter it into the formula, and last take the
square root.
-FORMULA to generate SD variable using population data;
Long-term relative frequency - ANSWER
Frequency Distribution - ANSWER provides all possible results of the experiment
and tallies the number of times each outcome happens. Tallies are then graphed to
make them easier to see and understand.
Probability Distribution - ANSWER graphs the probability of all possible outcomes
of a variable rather than frequency. Shows the probability of all possible outcomes
of a variable. Looks similar to frequency, but represents two totally different ideas.
Sampling Distribution - ANSWER displays the actual realized frequencies of a
statistic against the range of conceivable values that statistics can take.
STATISTICS WEEK 5 EXAM 2024-2025
Chapter 3: Descriptive Statistics, Probability, and Measures of Central Tendency
Descriptive statistics are produced to identify sample characteristics and to describe
study variables.
ANSWER: To characterize a sample, develop a frequency distribution of the
variable or variables being researched.
- is a plot of one variable, whereby the x-axis comprises of conceivable values of
that variable, and the y-axis is a total of each value.
Inferential Statistics - ANSWER computed to draw conclusions and make
inferences about the larger population from the sample data set.
Bi-modal means having or giving two modes, ways, systems, etc.
-having two values/categories with the highest occurrence and equal rates.
Central Tendency - An indicator of the core of data.
-nominal variable = categorical differences. For example, consider gender (the
propensity of samples of a given measurement to cluster around a central value).
Measures of central tendency are descriptive statistics.
The mean, median, and mode of a frequency distribution are statistical indicators of
central tendency.
Mean is the mathematical average of all values of a variable.
,The median is the exact middle value (or the average of the middle two values if
there are even numbers of observations).
Mode denotes the most frequently occurring value in a data set. A single sample
can have many modes.
A normal curve's mean, median, and mode are equal or nearly identical.
Multimodal - ANSWER has more than two modes.
Unimodal - Answer When distribution has only one mode.
-The frequencies gradually decrease as one moves away from the mode. Symmetric
distributions are typically unimodal.
If you find a bimodal, the answer indicates that you have not defined your
population.
Mode is the most often occurring measure (value or category) in the distribution
data.
Mean - Answer termed location parameter.
The most common central tendency requires interval and ratio data.
-sum of values divided by the total number of observations.
Median - ANSWER for ordinal, interval, and ratio data, the value in the center
when all measured values are arranged from least to greatest, or the 50th percentile
value.
Rank-ordered data (ordinal, interval, and ratio)
Has a second measure of central tendencies:median
, Range is the difference between the highest and minimum values of a variable in a
distribution.
probability - ANSWER likelihood that a specific outcome will occur after an event.
**long-run relative frequency (e.g., dice/100 rolls)
Standard Deviation is the average distance of values from the variable mean. Large
SD indicates that the spread among variables in the data set is large.
FORMULA:
-1 First, find the mean (average), then enter it into the formula, and last take the
square root.
-FORMULA to generate SD variable using population data;
Long-term relative frequency - ANSWER
Frequency Distribution - ANSWER provides all possible results of the experiment
and tallies the number of times each outcome happens. Tallies are then graphed to
make them easier to see and understand.
Probability Distribution - ANSWER graphs the probability of all possible outcomes
of a variable rather than frequency. Shows the probability of all possible outcomes
of a variable. Looks similar to frequency, but represents two totally different ideas.
Sampling Distribution - ANSWER displays the actual realized frequencies of a
statistic against the range of conceivable values that statistics can take.
