Latest Update (2024/2025)
mucousa - ✔✔psuedostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
submucosa tracheal glands - ✔✔the white round cells in submucosa
Lacuna and chondrocytes (cartilage) - ✔✔A cavity or depression in cartilage that are
occupied by chondrocytes.
lung histology - ✔✔
bronchiole and alveolar duct - ✔✔
alveoli - ✔✔tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and
blood
pulmonary capillary - ✔✔Small blood vessels connected to the alveoli where oxygen binds
to the hemoglobin in red blood cells and carbon dioxide is released from the hemoglobin.
The oxygen-rich blood is returned to the heart while the carbon dioxide is exhaled from the
lungs.
External nares - ✔✔two openings of the nose; aka nostrils
nasal conchae (superior, middle, inferior) - ✔✔inferior (d), middle (b), and superior (c)
Pharynx (throat) - ✔✔Passageway for air, leads to trachea
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx - ✔✔3 parts of the pharynx A (naso), B (oro), C
(laryn)
, Larynx (voice box) - ✔✔A tube supported by a cartilage frame that passes air from the
pharynx to the lungs;
Often called "Adam's Apple";
Contains vocal cords that allow us to make sounds.
epiglottis - ✔✔Flap of cartilage that lies behind tongue in front of larynx, closes over
opening to trachea
glottis - ✔✔Opening between vocal cords
thyroid cartilage - ✔✔Adam's apple
cricoid cartilage - ✔✔the ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx
tracheal cartilage - ✔✔C shaped rings of cartilage that give support to the trachea
arytenoid cartilage - ✔✔Two small cartilages in the larynx, the movements of which abduct
and adduct the vocal folds.
vocal cord fold - ✔✔vibrates as air passes over it creating the voice
vestibular folds - ✔✔(false vocal cords)
Superior to vocal folds
No part in sound production
Help to close glottis during swallowing
hyoid bone - ✔✔a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue.
Diaphragm - ✔✔Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with
breathing