PN 4006 MT COMPLETE EXAM LATEST
UPDATED
Neurological Assessment
PERRLA & GCS
inspect palpate head for bruises bumps et
resp assessment
WOB
nasal flarring
accessory muscle us
hx
allergies
cough sputum
chest rising
tactile fremitus
breath sounds
o2 therapy
color of skin nail beds lips
Previous
CV assessment
hx
meds
,chest pain?
pulse points - temporal carotid brachial radial femoral popliteal dorsalis pedis
posterior tibialis
heart sounds S1,2
extra heart sounds S3,4
Vitals
arrythmias
CO
EF
Auscultation: Aortic area
2nd intercostal space, right sternal border
Auscultation of pulmonary valve
2nd intercostal space to the left of the sternum
Auscultation: Erb's point
3rd left intercostal space
Auscultation of tricuspid valve
4th left intercostal space at the sternal border
Auscultation of mitral valve
5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line
ABG normal values
pH 7.35 - 7.45 decreased is acidic
PaCO2 35 - 45 mmHg decreased is basic
HCO3 22-26 mEq/L decreased is acidic
ABG compensation
,FULL COMP if pH is back to normal
PARTIAL COMP if all values are abnormal
UNCOMP if PaCO2 or HCO3 is normal while the other is abnormal
resp acidosis
Build-up of carbon dioxide in the lungs that causes acid-base imbalances and the
body becomes acidic
Can be acute or chronic
Caused by excess carbonic acid which causes the blood pH to drop
resp acidosis causes
Post op abdominal surgery
Mechanical ventilation
Analgesics or sedation
Pneumothorax
Hemothorax
Pulmonary edema
Acute bronchial asthma
Atelectasis
Pneumonia
Some drug overdoses and head injuries
Emphysema
Bronchiectasis
Bronchial asthma
CF
resp acidosis s/s
, Extreme resp insufficiency
Frantic efforts to breath
Breathe slowly irregularly or stop breathing
Expiratory volume is decreased
Lung sounds may be moist or absent
Tachycardia and other cardiac arrhythmias
Cyanosis in later stages
Confusion
Disorientation
Hallucinations
Tremors
Muscle twitching
Flushed skin
Headache
Weakness
Stupor
Coma
Chronic resp acidosis s/s are less prominent and include increased breathing effort,
lack of energy, reduced activity, dull headache, weakness
resp acidosis management
Depending on the cause and whether its acute or chronic
Mechanical ventilation may be necessary
IV sodium bicarb may be administered when ventilation efforts do not adequately
restore a balanced pH
UPDATED
Neurological Assessment
PERRLA & GCS
inspect palpate head for bruises bumps et
resp assessment
WOB
nasal flarring
accessory muscle us
hx
allergies
cough sputum
chest rising
tactile fremitus
breath sounds
o2 therapy
color of skin nail beds lips
Previous
CV assessment
hx
meds
,chest pain?
pulse points - temporal carotid brachial radial femoral popliteal dorsalis pedis
posterior tibialis
heart sounds S1,2
extra heart sounds S3,4
Vitals
arrythmias
CO
EF
Auscultation: Aortic area
2nd intercostal space, right sternal border
Auscultation of pulmonary valve
2nd intercostal space to the left of the sternum
Auscultation: Erb's point
3rd left intercostal space
Auscultation of tricuspid valve
4th left intercostal space at the sternal border
Auscultation of mitral valve
5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line
ABG normal values
pH 7.35 - 7.45 decreased is acidic
PaCO2 35 - 45 mmHg decreased is basic
HCO3 22-26 mEq/L decreased is acidic
ABG compensation
,FULL COMP if pH is back to normal
PARTIAL COMP if all values are abnormal
UNCOMP if PaCO2 or HCO3 is normal while the other is abnormal
resp acidosis
Build-up of carbon dioxide in the lungs that causes acid-base imbalances and the
body becomes acidic
Can be acute or chronic
Caused by excess carbonic acid which causes the blood pH to drop
resp acidosis causes
Post op abdominal surgery
Mechanical ventilation
Analgesics or sedation
Pneumothorax
Hemothorax
Pulmonary edema
Acute bronchial asthma
Atelectasis
Pneumonia
Some drug overdoses and head injuries
Emphysema
Bronchiectasis
Bronchial asthma
CF
resp acidosis s/s
, Extreme resp insufficiency
Frantic efforts to breath
Breathe slowly irregularly or stop breathing
Expiratory volume is decreased
Lung sounds may be moist or absent
Tachycardia and other cardiac arrhythmias
Cyanosis in later stages
Confusion
Disorientation
Hallucinations
Tremors
Muscle twitching
Flushed skin
Headache
Weakness
Stupor
Coma
Chronic resp acidosis s/s are less prominent and include increased breathing effort,
lack of energy, reduced activity, dull headache, weakness
resp acidosis management
Depending on the cause and whether its acute or chronic
Mechanical ventilation may be necessary
IV sodium bicarb may be administered when ventilation efforts do not adequately
restore a balanced pH
