ANSWERS
The Scientist-Practitioner Model - ✔✔"the boulder model", developed in 1949 to create a standard for
psychological schooling
The Scholar-Practitioner Model - ✔✔"the vail model", developed in 1973 to create a program for
specifically applied schooling such as counseling, assessment, etc. that does not involve research
The Clinical Science Model - ✔✔developed in 1991 to create a program where schooling is first based on
scientific psychology, more statistics, research, etc.
efficacy - ✔✔the success of a particular therapy in a controlled study conducted with clients who meet
specific criteria
effectiveness - ✔✔the success of a therapy in actual clinical settings in which client problems are not
limited to predetermined criteria
treatment outcome research - ✔✔research that focuses on efficacy and effectiveness of treatments
assessment method research - ✔✔research that focuses on validating or expanding the use of an
assessment tool, establishing psychometric data for assessment tools, comparing multiple assessment
tools to each other, and more
diagnostic issue research - ✔✔research that focuses on the rate that diagnostics are or are not in an
error, reliability/validity of diagnostic constructs, relationships between disorders, prevalence/course of
disorders, and more
professional issue research - ✔✔research that focuses on beliefs, activities, practices, and other aspects
of professional lives and how they impact the profession