TEST BANK For Microbiology: The Human Experience 2nd
Edition By Foster; Aliabadi; Slonczewski
Mutualism - ANSWER:relationship in which community members and host both
benefit
Colonization - ANSWER:ability of a microbe to stay affixed to a body surface and
replicate
Adhesins - ANSWER:Molecules or appendages on the surface of pathogens that
allow them to attach a cell surface and stay in place
pathogen - ANSWER:any bacterium, virus, fungus, protozoan, or worm (helminth)
that causes disease
Pathogenicity - ANSWER:the ability of an organism to cause disease
genetic makeup of host and pathogen
location in/on the host's body
host immune response
Parasite - ANSWER:any organism that colonizes and harms its host
Infection - ANSWER:A pathogen or parasite enters or begins to grow in/on a host.
does not imply overt disease
may go unnoticed
often temporary
Primary Pathogens - ANSWER:able to breach defenses of a healthy host
Shigella flexneri- causes bloody diarrhea
Treponema pallidum- syphillis
Opportunistic Pathogens - ANSWER:Only becomes a pathogen when something is
wrong with the host.. causes disease only in a compromised host
Pneumocystis jirovecii- airborne, fungal, seen in people who are
immunocompromised
Latent State - ANSWER:Organism is within host but cannot be detected by culture.
Virulence - ANSWER:a measure of the degree or severity of disease
Most virulent: Ebola(70-90% death) and Marburg viruses
Lethal Dose 50% (LD50) - ANSWER:the number of bacteria or virus particles (virions)
required to kill 50% of an experimental group of animal hosts
, Infectious Dose 50% (ID50) - ANSWER:the number of bacteria or virions needed to
cause disease symptoms in 50% of an experimental group of hosts
Invasion - ANSWER:ability of some pathogens to actually enter and live inside a host
cell
Invasiveness - ANSWER:ability of a bacterial pathogen to rapidly spread through
tissue
Streptococcus pyogenes (flesh-eating bacteria)- secrete enzymes that degrade host
tissues, destroys tissues as the organism spreads
Host Range - ANSWER:Some organisms can infect only certain animals (hosts) and
produce disease.
Narrow - ANSWER:Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi
can infect only humans
Narrow range can be good for doctors and pharmaceuticals because once it's wiped
out, it's gone because it had a narrow host range
Broad - ANSWER:can infect many different animals in addition to humans(mammals
can be infected by rabies)
Disease - ANSWER:Absence of Health
disruption of the normal structure or function of any body part, organ, or system
that can be recognized by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs
Infectious Disease - ANSWER:a disease caused by a microorganism (bacterial, viral,
or parasitic) that can be transferred from one host to another
Acute - ANSWER:Symptoms develop rapidly.
Strep throat
Chronic - ANSWER:Symptoms develop gradually over weeks or months and are slow
to resolve.- diarrhea extends longer than two week
Sub-acute - ANSWER:Symptoms take longer to develop than acute but arise more
quickly than chronic.
Latent - ANSWER:Infection occurs after an acute episode. Organism is present but
symptoms are not.
cold sores due to Herpes virus
Bacteremia - ANSWER:presence of bacteria in blood, usually transient, no replication
Septicemia - ANSWER:presence and replication of bacteria in blood
Edition By Foster; Aliabadi; Slonczewski
Mutualism - ANSWER:relationship in which community members and host both
benefit
Colonization - ANSWER:ability of a microbe to stay affixed to a body surface and
replicate
Adhesins - ANSWER:Molecules or appendages on the surface of pathogens that
allow them to attach a cell surface and stay in place
pathogen - ANSWER:any bacterium, virus, fungus, protozoan, or worm (helminth)
that causes disease
Pathogenicity - ANSWER:the ability of an organism to cause disease
genetic makeup of host and pathogen
location in/on the host's body
host immune response
Parasite - ANSWER:any organism that colonizes and harms its host
Infection - ANSWER:A pathogen or parasite enters or begins to grow in/on a host.
does not imply overt disease
may go unnoticed
often temporary
Primary Pathogens - ANSWER:able to breach defenses of a healthy host
Shigella flexneri- causes bloody diarrhea
Treponema pallidum- syphillis
Opportunistic Pathogens - ANSWER:Only becomes a pathogen when something is
wrong with the host.. causes disease only in a compromised host
Pneumocystis jirovecii- airborne, fungal, seen in people who are
immunocompromised
Latent State - ANSWER:Organism is within host but cannot be detected by culture.
Virulence - ANSWER:a measure of the degree or severity of disease
Most virulent: Ebola(70-90% death) and Marburg viruses
Lethal Dose 50% (LD50) - ANSWER:the number of bacteria or virus particles (virions)
required to kill 50% of an experimental group of animal hosts
, Infectious Dose 50% (ID50) - ANSWER:the number of bacteria or virions needed to
cause disease symptoms in 50% of an experimental group of hosts
Invasion - ANSWER:ability of some pathogens to actually enter and live inside a host
cell
Invasiveness - ANSWER:ability of a bacterial pathogen to rapidly spread through
tissue
Streptococcus pyogenes (flesh-eating bacteria)- secrete enzymes that degrade host
tissues, destroys tissues as the organism spreads
Host Range - ANSWER:Some organisms can infect only certain animals (hosts) and
produce disease.
Narrow - ANSWER:Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi
can infect only humans
Narrow range can be good for doctors and pharmaceuticals because once it's wiped
out, it's gone because it had a narrow host range
Broad - ANSWER:can infect many different animals in addition to humans(mammals
can be infected by rabies)
Disease - ANSWER:Absence of Health
disruption of the normal structure or function of any body part, organ, or system
that can be recognized by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs
Infectious Disease - ANSWER:a disease caused by a microorganism (bacterial, viral,
or parasitic) that can be transferred from one host to another
Acute - ANSWER:Symptoms develop rapidly.
Strep throat
Chronic - ANSWER:Symptoms develop gradually over weeks or months and are slow
to resolve.- diarrhea extends longer than two week
Sub-acute - ANSWER:Symptoms take longer to develop than acute but arise more
quickly than chronic.
Latent - ANSWER:Infection occurs after an acute episode. Organism is present but
symptoms are not.
cold sores due to Herpes virus
Bacteremia - ANSWER:presence of bacteria in blood, usually transient, no replication
Septicemia - ANSWER:presence and replication of bacteria in blood
