TEST BANK For Alcamos Fundamentals of Microbiology
12th Edition by Pommerville
Discuss the following Terms?
hypersensitivity - ANSWER:Allergic immune response to a substance causing a range
of symptoms from mild inflammation to anaphylactic shock and death
immediate hypersensitivity - ANSWER:antibody response to the second or
subsequent dose of the same antigens
delayed hypersensitivity - ANSWER:cell-mediated immune response develops over
two to three days
type I hypersensitivity - ANSWER:all the characteristics of a humoral immune
response... allergen causes allergic response
allergen - ANSWER:A substance that causes an allergic reaction
sensitizing dose - ANSWER:first dose of an antigen
helper T2 cells - ANSWER:stimulate B cells to mature into plasma cells, which
produce IgE antibodies, attaches by its Fc tail to surface of mast cells and basophils
mast cells - ANSWER:Cells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote
inflammation.
basophils - ANSWER:circulating leukocytes n the blood that are also rich in granules.
1% of the total leukocyte count in circulation
sensitized - ANSWER:previous exposure to a particular antigen; antibodies produced
degranulation - ANSWER:release of granule content at the cell's surface
adenylyl cyclase - ANSWER:catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP.. leads to
swelling of granules
histamine - ANSWER:A chemical released by the body during an inflammatory
response that causes the blood vessels to dilate
leukotrienes - ANSWER:Active in promoting chemotaxis of white blood cells. Mediate
inflammatory processes. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories like aspirin, ibuprofen
inhibit an enzyme in the pathway for formation of prostaglandin without affecting
the production of leukotrienes.
, prostaglandins - ANSWER:A group of bioactive, hormone-like chemicals derived from
fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in
inflammation, platelet aggregation, vascular smooth muscle dilation and
constriction, cell growth, protection of from acid in the stomach, and many more.
systemic anaphylaxis - ANSWER:A rapid-onset and potentially fatal form of IgE-
mediated allergic reaction, in which antigen in the bloodstream triggers the
activation of mast cells throughout the body, causing circulatory collapse and
suffocation due to tracheal swelling.
edmea - ANSWER:skin swollen around the eyes, wrists, and ankles
atopic disease - ANSWER:condition resulting from an inappropriate immune
response, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, or eczema
allergic rhinitis - ANSWER:Commonly referred to as an allergy, is an allergic reaction
to airborne allergens that causes an increased flow of mucus.
late-phase anaphylaxis - ANSWER:anaphylaxis caused by leukotrienes released by
eosinophils recruited by mast cells
wheal - ANSWER:a suddenly formed elevation of the skin
flare - ANSWER:zone of redness around the wheal
urticaria - ANSWER:Acute allergic reaction in which red, round, elevated swollen
areas called wheals appear on the skin. Pruritus (itching) may be intense.
asthma - ANSWER:A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe
breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.
supressor T lymphocytes - ANSWER:subset of T lymphocyte that inhibits humoral
and cell-mediated resonses
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - ANSWER:biochemical technique used mainly
in immunology to detect the presence of an antibody or an antigen in a sample.
antihistamines - ANSWER:OTC and prescription drugs that are sued to relieve or
prevent the symptoms of hay fever and other types of common allergies by blocking
the effects of histimines
corticosteroids - ANSWER:drugs that help reduce inflammation associated with
allergies
allergy immunotherapy - ANSWER:reduces sensitivity to allergens/allergy shots
commonly
12th Edition by Pommerville
Discuss the following Terms?
hypersensitivity - ANSWER:Allergic immune response to a substance causing a range
of symptoms from mild inflammation to anaphylactic shock and death
immediate hypersensitivity - ANSWER:antibody response to the second or
subsequent dose of the same antigens
delayed hypersensitivity - ANSWER:cell-mediated immune response develops over
two to three days
type I hypersensitivity - ANSWER:all the characteristics of a humoral immune
response... allergen causes allergic response
allergen - ANSWER:A substance that causes an allergic reaction
sensitizing dose - ANSWER:first dose of an antigen
helper T2 cells - ANSWER:stimulate B cells to mature into plasma cells, which
produce IgE antibodies, attaches by its Fc tail to surface of mast cells and basophils
mast cells - ANSWER:Cells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote
inflammation.
basophils - ANSWER:circulating leukocytes n the blood that are also rich in granules.
1% of the total leukocyte count in circulation
sensitized - ANSWER:previous exposure to a particular antigen; antibodies produced
degranulation - ANSWER:release of granule content at the cell's surface
adenylyl cyclase - ANSWER:catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP.. leads to
swelling of granules
histamine - ANSWER:A chemical released by the body during an inflammatory
response that causes the blood vessels to dilate
leukotrienes - ANSWER:Active in promoting chemotaxis of white blood cells. Mediate
inflammatory processes. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories like aspirin, ibuprofen
inhibit an enzyme in the pathway for formation of prostaglandin without affecting
the production of leukotrienes.
, prostaglandins - ANSWER:A group of bioactive, hormone-like chemicals derived from
fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in
inflammation, platelet aggregation, vascular smooth muscle dilation and
constriction, cell growth, protection of from acid in the stomach, and many more.
systemic anaphylaxis - ANSWER:A rapid-onset and potentially fatal form of IgE-
mediated allergic reaction, in which antigen in the bloodstream triggers the
activation of mast cells throughout the body, causing circulatory collapse and
suffocation due to tracheal swelling.
edmea - ANSWER:skin swollen around the eyes, wrists, and ankles
atopic disease - ANSWER:condition resulting from an inappropriate immune
response, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, or eczema
allergic rhinitis - ANSWER:Commonly referred to as an allergy, is an allergic reaction
to airborne allergens that causes an increased flow of mucus.
late-phase anaphylaxis - ANSWER:anaphylaxis caused by leukotrienes released by
eosinophils recruited by mast cells
wheal - ANSWER:a suddenly formed elevation of the skin
flare - ANSWER:zone of redness around the wheal
urticaria - ANSWER:Acute allergic reaction in which red, round, elevated swollen
areas called wheals appear on the skin. Pruritus (itching) may be intense.
asthma - ANSWER:A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe
breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.
supressor T lymphocytes - ANSWER:subset of T lymphocyte that inhibits humoral
and cell-mediated resonses
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - ANSWER:biochemical technique used mainly
in immunology to detect the presence of an antibody or an antigen in a sample.
antihistamines - ANSWER:OTC and prescription drugs that are sued to relieve or
prevent the symptoms of hay fever and other types of common allergies by blocking
the effects of histimines
corticosteroids - ANSWER:drugs that help reduce inflammation associated with
allergies
allergy immunotherapy - ANSWER:reduces sensitivity to allergens/allergy shots
commonly
