Summary AO1 covering custodial sentencing

DEALING WITH OFFENDER BEHAVIOURS:
Custodial Sentencing: When a offender is found guilty of a criminal
act and so is sent to a criminal institute e.g. prison


AIMS OF CUSTODIAL SENTENCING:

1. DETERRENCE
a. Indivudal deterrence = Where the unpleasant experience of the
criminal institute is to prevent an indivudal from repeating the
same crime again
b. General deterrence = The presence of the institution sends a
message to society that crime will not be tolerated
2. INCAPACITATION
a. Refers to the offender being removed from society in order to
protect the public
b. The duration of incapacitation depends on the severity of the
crime
3. RETRIBUTION
a. Making the offender ‘suffer’ in a manner proportional to severity
of the crime e.g. duration of imprisonment
4. REHABILITATION
a. Criminal institutes should offer offender opportunities to change
+ develop positive skills so that they do not re-offend

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CUSTODIAL SENTENCING:

1. STRESS + DEPRESSION = Suicide rates higher in prison than public
2. INSITUTIONALISATION = Offenders would have most likely adapted to
norms + values of prison life
a. When offenders are released they are unable to cope
3. PRISONISATION = Behaviours that are unacceptable in reality are
encouraged within the institution

RECIDIVISM:

1. Refers to reoffending rates
a. UK has one of the highest recidivism rates ( 57% as of 2013)
whereas Norway has one of the lowest
i. Norway places larger emphasis on rehabilitation
2.