TEST BANK For Potter and Perry's Canadian
Fundamentals of Nursing 7th Edition By Barbara Astle
You are a nurse researcher interviewing senior oncology nurses, asking them to
describe how they deal with the loss of a patient. The analysis of the interviews
yields common themes describing the nurses' grief. This is an example of which type
of study? - ANSWER:Qualitative study.
(A qualitative study involves inductive reasoning to develop generalizations or
theories from specific observations or interviews. Historical research establishes
facts and relationships concerning past events. Correlational research is exploration
of the interrelationships among variables of interest without any intervention by the
researcher. An experimental study involves the use of tightly controlled subject
groups, variables, and procedures to eliminate bias and ensure that findings can be
generalized to similar groups of subjects.)
An operating room nurse is talking with colleagues during a meeting. She asks, "I
wonder if we would see fewer wound infections if we used chlorhexidine instead of
povidone-iodine to clean the skin of our surgical patients? What does the P
represent in this example of a PICOT question? - ANSWER:Surgical patients.
(Surgical patients are the patient population of interest (P) in the PICOT (patient
population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time) question. The intervention is
the cleaning of the skin, and the comparison of interest is between chlorhexidine use
and povidone-iodine use. Operating room nurses are not an element of the PICOT
question.)
A nurse researcher is designing an exercise study that involves 100 patients who
attend a wellness clinic. As the patients come to the clinic, each has a choice as to
whether he or she wants to be in the new exercise program or remain in the
traditional program. The nurse plans to measure the patients' self-report of exercise
before and 6 months after the program begins. What factor might influence the
results of this study in an unfavourable way? - ANSWER:Sampling method.
(Because the patients at the clinic are allowed their choice of the traditional versus
the new exercise program, the sampling in this study is not random sampling.)
The foundation of research is which of the following? - ANSWER:Scientific method.
(The scientific method is the foundation of research and is the most reliable and
objective of all methods of obtaining knowledge. Documentation, critical thinking,
and evidence are not the foundations of research.)
, A researcher gives a subject full and complete information about the purpose of a
study. This is an example of which of the following? - ANSWER:Informed consent.
(Informed consent implies that the research subjects are given full and complete
information about the purpose of the study, procedures, data collection, potential
harms and benefits, and alternative methods of treatment. Confidentiality rules
guarantee that any information the subject provides will not be reported to people
outside the research team. Bias is any personal opinion or judgement that may be
interjected into the results. Anonymity means that the subject's name and
identifying information would not be disclosed during the research study.)
A new nurse on an orthopedic unit is assigned to care for a patient undergoing
skeletal traction. The nurse asks a colleague, "What is the best practice for cleaning
pin sites in skeletal traction?" This question is an example of which of the following?
- ANSWER:Knowledge-focused trigger.
(A knowledge-focused trigger is a question regarding new information available on a
topic. A problem-focused trigger is one faced while the nurse is caring for a patient
or noting a trend. The PICOT (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time)
format is a way to phrase a question to help clarify the question and the parts. A
hypothesis is a prediction about the relationship between study variables.)
The nurses on a medical unit have seen an increase in the number of pressure
injuries developing in their patients. The nurses decide to initiate a quality
improvement project with the plan, do, study, act (PDSA) model. Which of the
following is an example of the "do" step of that model? - ANSWER:Implement a new
skin care protocol on all medical units.
(The "do" step consists of selecting an intervention on the basis of a data review,
implementing the change, and studying the results of the change. The "plan" step
includes reviewing the available data to understand existing practice conditions or
problems to identify the need for change. The results of the change are evaluated in
the "study" step. The "act" step is the incorporation of the findings into current
practice.)
The nurse researcher obtains informed consent from participants in a study primarily
for which reason? - ANSWER:To ensure that the study subjects understand their
roles in the study.
(The conduct of research must meet ethical standards in which the rights of human
subjects are protected. The research participants must be told about the study's
purpose and procedure and their roles in the study. The researcher is always legally
responsible for his or her actions. Control of variables is related to the study design,
not to informed consent. Confidentiality is part of the ethical nature of research but
is not the focus of informed consent.)
Fundamentals of Nursing 7th Edition By Barbara Astle
You are a nurse researcher interviewing senior oncology nurses, asking them to
describe how they deal with the loss of a patient. The analysis of the interviews
yields common themes describing the nurses' grief. This is an example of which type
of study? - ANSWER:Qualitative study.
(A qualitative study involves inductive reasoning to develop generalizations or
theories from specific observations or interviews. Historical research establishes
facts and relationships concerning past events. Correlational research is exploration
of the interrelationships among variables of interest without any intervention by the
researcher. An experimental study involves the use of tightly controlled subject
groups, variables, and procedures to eliminate bias and ensure that findings can be
generalized to similar groups of subjects.)
An operating room nurse is talking with colleagues during a meeting. She asks, "I
wonder if we would see fewer wound infections if we used chlorhexidine instead of
povidone-iodine to clean the skin of our surgical patients? What does the P
represent in this example of a PICOT question? - ANSWER:Surgical patients.
(Surgical patients are the patient population of interest (P) in the PICOT (patient
population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time) question. The intervention is
the cleaning of the skin, and the comparison of interest is between chlorhexidine use
and povidone-iodine use. Operating room nurses are not an element of the PICOT
question.)
A nurse researcher is designing an exercise study that involves 100 patients who
attend a wellness clinic. As the patients come to the clinic, each has a choice as to
whether he or she wants to be in the new exercise program or remain in the
traditional program. The nurse plans to measure the patients' self-report of exercise
before and 6 months after the program begins. What factor might influence the
results of this study in an unfavourable way? - ANSWER:Sampling method.
(Because the patients at the clinic are allowed their choice of the traditional versus
the new exercise program, the sampling in this study is not random sampling.)
The foundation of research is which of the following? - ANSWER:Scientific method.
(The scientific method is the foundation of research and is the most reliable and
objective of all methods of obtaining knowledge. Documentation, critical thinking,
and evidence are not the foundations of research.)
, A researcher gives a subject full and complete information about the purpose of a
study. This is an example of which of the following? - ANSWER:Informed consent.
(Informed consent implies that the research subjects are given full and complete
information about the purpose of the study, procedures, data collection, potential
harms and benefits, and alternative methods of treatment. Confidentiality rules
guarantee that any information the subject provides will not be reported to people
outside the research team. Bias is any personal opinion or judgement that may be
interjected into the results. Anonymity means that the subject's name and
identifying information would not be disclosed during the research study.)
A new nurse on an orthopedic unit is assigned to care for a patient undergoing
skeletal traction. The nurse asks a colleague, "What is the best practice for cleaning
pin sites in skeletal traction?" This question is an example of which of the following?
- ANSWER:Knowledge-focused trigger.
(A knowledge-focused trigger is a question regarding new information available on a
topic. A problem-focused trigger is one faced while the nurse is caring for a patient
or noting a trend. The PICOT (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time)
format is a way to phrase a question to help clarify the question and the parts. A
hypothesis is a prediction about the relationship between study variables.)
The nurses on a medical unit have seen an increase in the number of pressure
injuries developing in their patients. The nurses decide to initiate a quality
improvement project with the plan, do, study, act (PDSA) model. Which of the
following is an example of the "do" step of that model? - ANSWER:Implement a new
skin care protocol on all medical units.
(The "do" step consists of selecting an intervention on the basis of a data review,
implementing the change, and studying the results of the change. The "plan" step
includes reviewing the available data to understand existing practice conditions or
problems to identify the need for change. The results of the change are evaluated in
the "study" step. The "act" step is the incorporation of the findings into current
practice.)
The nurse researcher obtains informed consent from participants in a study primarily
for which reason? - ANSWER:To ensure that the study subjects understand their
roles in the study.
(The conduct of research must meet ethical standards in which the rights of human
subjects are protected. The research participants must be told about the study's
purpose and procedure and their roles in the study. The researcher is always legally
responsible for his or her actions. Control of variables is related to the study design,
not to informed consent. Confidentiality is part of the ethical nature of research but
is not the focus of informed consent.)
