TEST BANK For Karch's Focus on Nursing Pharmacology,
9th Edition by Rebecca Tucker
A fibers - ANSWER:large-diameter nerve fibers that carry peripheral impulses
associated with touch and temperature to the spinal cord
A-delta fibers - ANSWER:small-diameter nerve fibers that carry peripheral impulses
associated with pain to the spinal cord
C fibers - ANSWER:unmyelinated, slow-conducting fibers that carry peripheral
impulses associated with pain to the spinal cord
ergot derivative - ANSWER:- drug that causes a vascular constriction in the brain and
the periphery and decreases the pulsation of cranial arteries, as a result, they reduce
the hyperperfusion of the basilar artery vascular bed
- relieves or prevents migraine headaches but is associated with many adverse
effects
- dihydroergotamine (Migranal, D.H.E. 45) and erogotamine (generic)
gate control theory - ANSWER:theory that states that the transmission of a nerve
impulse can be modulated at various points along its path by descending fibers from
the brain that close the "gate" and block transmission of pain information and by A
fibers that are able to block transmission in the dorsal horn by closing the gate for
transmission for the A-delta and C fibers
List of Narcotic Agonists - ANSWER:codeine
fentanyl
hydrocodone
hydromorphone
levorphanol
meperidine
methadone
morphine - (PROTOTYPE)
opium
oxycodone
oxymorphone
propoxyphene
remifentanil
,sufentanil
tramadol
List of Narcotic Agonists-Antagonists - ANSWER:buprenorphine
butorphanol
nalbuphine
pentazocine - (PROTOTYPE)
List of Narcotic Antagonists - ANSWER:nalmefene
naloxone - (PROTOTYPE)
naltrexone
Antimigraine Agents - List of Ergot Derivatives - ANSWER:dihydroergotamine
ergotamine - (PROTOTYPE)
Antimigraine Agents - List of Triptans - ANSWER:almotriptan
eletriptan
frovatriptan
naratriptan
rizatriptan
sumatriptan - (PROTOTYPE)
zolmitriptan
migraine headache - ANSWER:headache characterized by severe unilateral, pulsating
head pain associated with systemic effects, including GI upset and sensitization to
light and sound; related to a hyperperfusion of the brain from arterial dilation
narcotics - ANSWER:-drugs, originally derived from opium plant, that react with
specific opioid receptors throughout the body
- they bind to opioid receptors to relieve pain and promote feelings of well-being or
euphoria
narcotic agonists - ANSWER:-drugs that react at opioid receptor sites to stimulate the
effects of the receptors throughout the body to cause analgesia, sedation, and
euphoria
-classified as controlled substances due to the potential for the development of
physical dependence while taking this drug
- the degree of control is determined by the relative ability of each drug to cause
physical dependence
- act at specific receptor sites in the CNS to produce analgesia, sedation, and a sense
of well-being
, - also used as antitussives and as adjuncts to general anesthesia to produce rapid
analgesia, sedation, and respiratory depression
narcotic agonists-antagonists - ANSWER:drugs that react at some opioid receptor
sites to stimulate their activity and at other opioid receptor sites to block activity
narcotic antagonists - ANSWER:drugs that block the opioid receptor sites; used to
counteract the effects of narcotics or to treat an overdose of narcotics
opioid receptors - ANSWER:-receptor sites on nerves that react with endorphins and
enkephalins (naturally occurring peptides), which are receptive to narcotic drugs
- found in the CNS, on nerves in the periphery, and on cells in the GI tract.
- in the brainstem, it helps to control BP, pupil diameter, GI secretions, and the
chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) that regulates N&V, cough, adn respiration
-in the spinal cord and thalamus, it helps to integrate and relate incoming
information about pain
- in the hypothalamus, stimulation of these receptors may interrelate the endocrine
and neural responses to pain
-in the limbric system, these receptors incorporate emotional aspects of pain and
response to pain
- at the peripheral nerve sites, they may block the release of neurotransmitters that
are related to pain and inflammation
pain - ANSWER:a sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or
potential tissue damage
spinothalamic tract - ANSWER:nerve pathway from the spine to the thalamus along
which pain impulses are carried to the brain
triptan - ANSWER:-selective serotonin receptor blocker that causes a vasular
constriction of cranial nerves; used to treat acute migraine attacks.
- not associated with the vascular and GI effects of the ergot derivatives
-the triptan of choice for a particular patient depends on personal experience and
other preexisting medical conditions
- almotriptan (Axert), eletriptan (Relpax), frovatriptan (Frova), naratriptan (Amerge),
rizatriptan (Maxalt, Maxalt-MLT), sumatriptan (Imitrex), and zolmitriptan (Zomig,
Zomig-ZMT)
9th Edition by Rebecca Tucker
A fibers - ANSWER:large-diameter nerve fibers that carry peripheral impulses
associated with touch and temperature to the spinal cord
A-delta fibers - ANSWER:small-diameter nerve fibers that carry peripheral impulses
associated with pain to the spinal cord
C fibers - ANSWER:unmyelinated, slow-conducting fibers that carry peripheral
impulses associated with pain to the spinal cord
ergot derivative - ANSWER:- drug that causes a vascular constriction in the brain and
the periphery and decreases the pulsation of cranial arteries, as a result, they reduce
the hyperperfusion of the basilar artery vascular bed
- relieves or prevents migraine headaches but is associated with many adverse
effects
- dihydroergotamine (Migranal, D.H.E. 45) and erogotamine (generic)
gate control theory - ANSWER:theory that states that the transmission of a nerve
impulse can be modulated at various points along its path by descending fibers from
the brain that close the "gate" and block transmission of pain information and by A
fibers that are able to block transmission in the dorsal horn by closing the gate for
transmission for the A-delta and C fibers
List of Narcotic Agonists - ANSWER:codeine
fentanyl
hydrocodone
hydromorphone
levorphanol
meperidine
methadone
morphine - (PROTOTYPE)
opium
oxycodone
oxymorphone
propoxyphene
remifentanil
,sufentanil
tramadol
List of Narcotic Agonists-Antagonists - ANSWER:buprenorphine
butorphanol
nalbuphine
pentazocine - (PROTOTYPE)
List of Narcotic Antagonists - ANSWER:nalmefene
naloxone - (PROTOTYPE)
naltrexone
Antimigraine Agents - List of Ergot Derivatives - ANSWER:dihydroergotamine
ergotamine - (PROTOTYPE)
Antimigraine Agents - List of Triptans - ANSWER:almotriptan
eletriptan
frovatriptan
naratriptan
rizatriptan
sumatriptan - (PROTOTYPE)
zolmitriptan
migraine headache - ANSWER:headache characterized by severe unilateral, pulsating
head pain associated with systemic effects, including GI upset and sensitization to
light and sound; related to a hyperperfusion of the brain from arterial dilation
narcotics - ANSWER:-drugs, originally derived from opium plant, that react with
specific opioid receptors throughout the body
- they bind to opioid receptors to relieve pain and promote feelings of well-being or
euphoria
narcotic agonists - ANSWER:-drugs that react at opioid receptor sites to stimulate the
effects of the receptors throughout the body to cause analgesia, sedation, and
euphoria
-classified as controlled substances due to the potential for the development of
physical dependence while taking this drug
- the degree of control is determined by the relative ability of each drug to cause
physical dependence
- act at specific receptor sites in the CNS to produce analgesia, sedation, and a sense
of well-being
, - also used as antitussives and as adjuncts to general anesthesia to produce rapid
analgesia, sedation, and respiratory depression
narcotic agonists-antagonists - ANSWER:drugs that react at some opioid receptor
sites to stimulate their activity and at other opioid receptor sites to block activity
narcotic antagonists - ANSWER:drugs that block the opioid receptor sites; used to
counteract the effects of narcotics or to treat an overdose of narcotics
opioid receptors - ANSWER:-receptor sites on nerves that react with endorphins and
enkephalins (naturally occurring peptides), which are receptive to narcotic drugs
- found in the CNS, on nerves in the periphery, and on cells in the GI tract.
- in the brainstem, it helps to control BP, pupil diameter, GI secretions, and the
chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) that regulates N&V, cough, adn respiration
-in the spinal cord and thalamus, it helps to integrate and relate incoming
information about pain
- in the hypothalamus, stimulation of these receptors may interrelate the endocrine
and neural responses to pain
-in the limbric system, these receptors incorporate emotional aspects of pain and
response to pain
- at the peripheral nerve sites, they may block the release of neurotransmitters that
are related to pain and inflammation
pain - ANSWER:a sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or
potential tissue damage
spinothalamic tract - ANSWER:nerve pathway from the spine to the thalamus along
which pain impulses are carried to the brain
triptan - ANSWER:-selective serotonin receptor blocker that causes a vasular
constriction of cranial nerves; used to treat acute migraine attacks.
- not associated with the vascular and GI effects of the ergot derivatives
-the triptan of choice for a particular patient depends on personal experience and
other preexisting medical conditions
- almotriptan (Axert), eletriptan (Relpax), frovatriptan (Frova), naratriptan (Amerge),
rizatriptan (Maxalt, Maxalt-MLT), sumatriptan (Imitrex), and zolmitriptan (Zomig,
Zomig-ZMT)
