TEST BANK For Karch's Focus on Nursing Pharmacology,
9th Edition by Rebecca Tucker
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - ANSWER:collection of opportunistic
infections and cancers that occurs when the immune system is severely depressed
by a decrease in the number of functioning helper T cells; caused by infection with
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
AIDS-related complex (ARC) - ANSWER:collection of less serious opportunistic
infections with HIV infection; the decrease in the number of helper T cells is less
severe than in fully developed AIDS
CCR5 coreceptor antagonist - ANSWER:a drug that blocks the receptor site the HIV
virus needs to interact with in order to enter the cell
cytomegalovirus (CMV) - ANSWER:DNA virus that accounts for many respiratory,
ophthalmic, and liver infections
fusion inhibitor - ANSWER:a drug that prevents the fusion of the HIV-1 virus with the
human cellular membrane, preventing it from entering the cell
helper T cell - ANSWER:human lymphocyte that helps to initiate immune reactions in
response to tissue invasion
hepatitis B - ANSWER:a serious to potentially fatal viral infection of the liver,
transmitted by body fluids
herpes - ANSWER:DNA virus that accounts for many diseases, including shingles, cold
sores, genital herpes, and encephalitis
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - ANSWER:retrovirus that attacks helper T cells,
leading to a decrease in immune function and AIDS or ARC
influenza A - ANSWER:RNA virus that invades tissues of the respiratory tract, causing
the signs and symptoms of the common cold or " flu"
integrase inhibitor - ANSWER:a drug that inhibits the activity of the virus-specific
enzyme integrase, an encoded enzyme needed for viral replication; blocking this
enzyme prevents the formation of the HIV-1 provirus
interferon - ANSWER:tissue hormone that is released in response to viral invasion;
blocks viral replication
nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors - ANSWER:drugs that bind to sites on
the reverse transcriptase, preventing RNA- and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
, activities needed to carry out the viral DNA synthesis; prevents the transfer of
information that allows the virus to replicate and survive
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors - ANSWER:drugs that prevent the growth
of the viral DNA chain, preventing it from inserting into the host DNA, so viral
replication cannot occur
protease inhibitors - ANSWER:drugs that block the activity of the enzyme protease in
HIV; protease is essential for the maturation of infectious virus, and its absence leads
to the formation of an immature and noninfective HIV particle
virus - ANSWER:particle of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat that survives by
invading a cell to alter its functioning
Prototype of Agents for Influenza A and Respiratory Viruses - ANSWER:Rimantadine
Indications of Rimantadine
(Prototype of Agents for Influenza A and Respiratory Viruses) - ANSWER:Prophylaxis
and treatment of illness caused by influenza A virus in adults; prophylaxis against
influenza A virus in children.
Actions of Rimantadine
(Prototype of Agents for Influenza A and Respiratory Viruses) - ANSWER:Inhibits viral
replication, possibly by preventing the uncoating of the virus.
Adverse Effects of Rimantadine
(Prototype of Agents for Influenza A and Respiratory Viruses) - ANSWER:Affects
dopamine levels in the brain --
Light-headedness, dizziness, insomnia, nausea, dyspnea, orthostatic hypotension,
depression.
Protoype of Agents for Herpes Virus and Cytomegalovirus - ANSWER:Acyclovir
Indications of Acyclovir
(Protoype of Agents for Herpes Virus DOES NOT TREAT Cytomegalovirus) -
ANSWER:Treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2 infections; treatment of
severe genital HSV infections; treatment of HSV encephalitis; acute treatment of
shingles (herpes zoster) and chickenpox; ointment for the treatment of genital
herpes infections; cream for the treatment of cold sores (herpes labialis).
Actions of Acyclovir
(Protoype of Agents for Herpes Virus and DOES NOT TREAT Cytomegalovirus) -
ANSWER:Inhibits viral DNA replication by competing with viral substrates to form
shorter, non-effective DNA chains
Adverse Effects of Acyclovir
9th Edition by Rebecca Tucker
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - ANSWER:collection of opportunistic
infections and cancers that occurs when the immune system is severely depressed
by a decrease in the number of functioning helper T cells; caused by infection with
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
AIDS-related complex (ARC) - ANSWER:collection of less serious opportunistic
infections with HIV infection; the decrease in the number of helper T cells is less
severe than in fully developed AIDS
CCR5 coreceptor antagonist - ANSWER:a drug that blocks the receptor site the HIV
virus needs to interact with in order to enter the cell
cytomegalovirus (CMV) - ANSWER:DNA virus that accounts for many respiratory,
ophthalmic, and liver infections
fusion inhibitor - ANSWER:a drug that prevents the fusion of the HIV-1 virus with the
human cellular membrane, preventing it from entering the cell
helper T cell - ANSWER:human lymphocyte that helps to initiate immune reactions in
response to tissue invasion
hepatitis B - ANSWER:a serious to potentially fatal viral infection of the liver,
transmitted by body fluids
herpes - ANSWER:DNA virus that accounts for many diseases, including shingles, cold
sores, genital herpes, and encephalitis
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - ANSWER:retrovirus that attacks helper T cells,
leading to a decrease in immune function and AIDS or ARC
influenza A - ANSWER:RNA virus that invades tissues of the respiratory tract, causing
the signs and symptoms of the common cold or " flu"
integrase inhibitor - ANSWER:a drug that inhibits the activity of the virus-specific
enzyme integrase, an encoded enzyme needed for viral replication; blocking this
enzyme prevents the formation of the HIV-1 provirus
interferon - ANSWER:tissue hormone that is released in response to viral invasion;
blocks viral replication
nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors - ANSWER:drugs that bind to sites on
the reverse transcriptase, preventing RNA- and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
, activities needed to carry out the viral DNA synthesis; prevents the transfer of
information that allows the virus to replicate and survive
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors - ANSWER:drugs that prevent the growth
of the viral DNA chain, preventing it from inserting into the host DNA, so viral
replication cannot occur
protease inhibitors - ANSWER:drugs that block the activity of the enzyme protease in
HIV; protease is essential for the maturation of infectious virus, and its absence leads
to the formation of an immature and noninfective HIV particle
virus - ANSWER:particle of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat that survives by
invading a cell to alter its functioning
Prototype of Agents for Influenza A and Respiratory Viruses - ANSWER:Rimantadine
Indications of Rimantadine
(Prototype of Agents for Influenza A and Respiratory Viruses) - ANSWER:Prophylaxis
and treatment of illness caused by influenza A virus in adults; prophylaxis against
influenza A virus in children.
Actions of Rimantadine
(Prototype of Agents for Influenza A and Respiratory Viruses) - ANSWER:Inhibits viral
replication, possibly by preventing the uncoating of the virus.
Adverse Effects of Rimantadine
(Prototype of Agents for Influenza A and Respiratory Viruses) - ANSWER:Affects
dopamine levels in the brain --
Light-headedness, dizziness, insomnia, nausea, dyspnea, orthostatic hypotension,
depression.
Protoype of Agents for Herpes Virus and Cytomegalovirus - ANSWER:Acyclovir
Indications of Acyclovir
(Protoype of Agents for Herpes Virus DOES NOT TREAT Cytomegalovirus) -
ANSWER:Treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2 infections; treatment of
severe genital HSV infections; treatment of HSV encephalitis; acute treatment of
shingles (herpes zoster) and chickenpox; ointment for the treatment of genital
herpes infections; cream for the treatment of cold sores (herpes labialis).
Actions of Acyclovir
(Protoype of Agents for Herpes Virus and DOES NOT TREAT Cytomegalovirus) -
ANSWER:Inhibits viral DNA replication by competing with viral substrates to form
shorter, non-effective DNA chains
Adverse Effects of Acyclovir
