TEST BANK For Craven & Hirnle's Fundamentals of
Nursing: Concepts and Competencies for Practice, 10th
Edition by Christine Henshaw, Renee Rassilyer
ventilation - ANSWER:the physical process of moving air into and out of the lungs so
that gas exchange can take place. The mechanical process of ventilation is the result
of volume and pressure changes in the chest cavity.
perfusion - ANSWER:blood flow to alveoli so gases can be exchanged
diffusion - ANSWER:movement of gases from area of higher concentration to area of
lower concentration across alveoli capillary membrane
Organs of upper respiratory tract - ANSWER:mouth, nose, and pharynx.
-They are connected by the nasopharynx, which funnels incoming air through the
mouth and nose into the lower portions of the pharynx.
Organs of lower respiratory tract - ANSWER:trachea, lobar bronchi, segmental
bronchi, and the lungs.
-The bronchi continue to branch in treelike fashion into bronchioles, which connect
the larger conducting airways with the lung parenchyma. This gas-exchanging
portion of the lung is made up of millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli
oxygen saturation - ANSWER:Amount of oxygen in the blood (SaO2)
pulse oximetry - ANSWER:Noninvasive means for approximating oxygenation that
uses infrared light and a sensor attached to the client's finger or earlobe to
determine the percentage of hemoglobin that has combined with oxygen
forced inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2) - ANSWER:The percentage of oxygen
humans breathe. Remains stable at around 21% when breathing "room air" (no
supplemental oxygen). The atmosphere contains about 21% oxygen. Although the
oxygen concentration does not change appreciably, its partial pressure decreases
steadily as altitude increases
eupnea - ANSWER:Normal breathing
apnea - ANSWER:Absence of respiration
dyspnea - ANSWER:Breathing that requires marked effort
hypercapnea - ANSWER:Abnormally high carbon dioxide in the blood
, hypokemia - ANSWER:Low oxygen levels in the blood
hypoxia - ANSWER:Decreased amount of oxygen available to the tissues
- Anxiety, restlessness, confusion, or drowsiness are common signs of hypoxia
-Symptoms dyspnea, an elevated blood pressure with a small pulse pressure,
increased respiratory and pulse rates, pallor, and cyanosis
hyperventilation - ANSWER:Breathing in excess of metabolic demands, resulting in
removal of too much carbon dioxide from the blood; indicated by decreased PaCO2
lower than 35 mm HG
hypoventilation - ANSWER:Breathing insufficient to meet metabolic demands and
adequately remove carbon dioxide from the blood; indicated by elevated PaCO2
higher than 45 mm HG
atelectasis - ANSWER:Collapse of alveoli
Pneumonia, which causes the lungs to swell and stiffen, can lead to atelectasis
bronchospasm - ANSWER:Narrowing of the bronchioles caused by tightening of the
smooth muscles in the airways
-common of allergic asthma
cyanosis - ANSWER:Grayish, bluish, or purplish skin tone
tracheostomy - ANSWER:Permanent or temporary opening into the trachea through
the neck
Oral/Nasal pharyngeal airway - ANSWER:These airways are used to bypass upper
airway obstructions or to facilitate secretion removal
Endotracheal tube - ANSWER:An endotracheal tube is a plastic tube inserted through
the nose or mouth into the trachea. These airways are used to ventilate a patient
during surgery or when mechanical ventilation is necessary. They are also used to
protect the airway in a comatose person.
Chest tube - ANSWER:A chest tube is a drainage device the surgeon places in the
pleural space to drain fluid, air, or blood. Although the tube is placed and removed
by a physician, the nurse is responsible for assisting with tube insertion and
continually monitoring and assessing the status of a patient with a chest tube.
Water seal chamber - ANSWER:allows drainage and air to drain into the collection
chamber without air entering the chest tube
*continuous bubbling indicates air leak report to physcian*
Nursing: Concepts and Competencies for Practice, 10th
Edition by Christine Henshaw, Renee Rassilyer
ventilation - ANSWER:the physical process of moving air into and out of the lungs so
that gas exchange can take place. The mechanical process of ventilation is the result
of volume and pressure changes in the chest cavity.
perfusion - ANSWER:blood flow to alveoli so gases can be exchanged
diffusion - ANSWER:movement of gases from area of higher concentration to area of
lower concentration across alveoli capillary membrane
Organs of upper respiratory tract - ANSWER:mouth, nose, and pharynx.
-They are connected by the nasopharynx, which funnels incoming air through the
mouth and nose into the lower portions of the pharynx.
Organs of lower respiratory tract - ANSWER:trachea, lobar bronchi, segmental
bronchi, and the lungs.
-The bronchi continue to branch in treelike fashion into bronchioles, which connect
the larger conducting airways with the lung parenchyma. This gas-exchanging
portion of the lung is made up of millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli
oxygen saturation - ANSWER:Amount of oxygen in the blood (SaO2)
pulse oximetry - ANSWER:Noninvasive means for approximating oxygenation that
uses infrared light and a sensor attached to the client's finger or earlobe to
determine the percentage of hemoglobin that has combined with oxygen
forced inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2) - ANSWER:The percentage of oxygen
humans breathe. Remains stable at around 21% when breathing "room air" (no
supplemental oxygen). The atmosphere contains about 21% oxygen. Although the
oxygen concentration does not change appreciably, its partial pressure decreases
steadily as altitude increases
eupnea - ANSWER:Normal breathing
apnea - ANSWER:Absence of respiration
dyspnea - ANSWER:Breathing that requires marked effort
hypercapnea - ANSWER:Abnormally high carbon dioxide in the blood
, hypokemia - ANSWER:Low oxygen levels in the blood
hypoxia - ANSWER:Decreased amount of oxygen available to the tissues
- Anxiety, restlessness, confusion, or drowsiness are common signs of hypoxia
-Symptoms dyspnea, an elevated blood pressure with a small pulse pressure,
increased respiratory and pulse rates, pallor, and cyanosis
hyperventilation - ANSWER:Breathing in excess of metabolic demands, resulting in
removal of too much carbon dioxide from the blood; indicated by decreased PaCO2
lower than 35 mm HG
hypoventilation - ANSWER:Breathing insufficient to meet metabolic demands and
adequately remove carbon dioxide from the blood; indicated by elevated PaCO2
higher than 45 mm HG
atelectasis - ANSWER:Collapse of alveoli
Pneumonia, which causes the lungs to swell and stiffen, can lead to atelectasis
bronchospasm - ANSWER:Narrowing of the bronchioles caused by tightening of the
smooth muscles in the airways
-common of allergic asthma
cyanosis - ANSWER:Grayish, bluish, or purplish skin tone
tracheostomy - ANSWER:Permanent or temporary opening into the trachea through
the neck
Oral/Nasal pharyngeal airway - ANSWER:These airways are used to bypass upper
airway obstructions or to facilitate secretion removal
Endotracheal tube - ANSWER:An endotracheal tube is a plastic tube inserted through
the nose or mouth into the trachea. These airways are used to ventilate a patient
during surgery or when mechanical ventilation is necessary. They are also used to
protect the airway in a comatose person.
Chest tube - ANSWER:A chest tube is a drainage device the surgeon places in the
pleural space to drain fluid, air, or blood. Although the tube is placed and removed
by a physician, the nurse is responsible for assisting with tube insertion and
continually monitoring and assessing the status of a patient with a chest tube.
Water seal chamber - ANSWER:allows drainage and air to drain into the collection
chamber without air entering the chest tube
*continuous bubbling indicates air leak report to physcian*
