PMCOL 200 - Hallucinogens Exam
Latest Update
What are the 3 monoamine neurotransmitters? - Answer serotonin, norepinephrine, and
dopamine
What are the 4 ways that drugs can manipulate monoamine neurotransmitters? -
Answer 1 - increasing release
2 - blocking reuptake
3 - inhibiting metabolism
4 - activating a receptor
What are the receptors for serotonin called? How many subtypes are there? - Answer
5-HT receptors
There are 7 subtypes
What are the receptors for dopamine called? - Answer D1 and D2
What are the receptors for norepinephrine called? - Answer alpha and beta adrenergic
receptors
What enzyme metabolizes (breaks down) all monoamines? - Answer monoamine
oxidases (MAO)
What amino acid is serotonin made from? - Answer Tryptophan
What amino acid is dopamine made from? - Answer Tyrosine
What amino acid is norepinephrine made from? - Answer Tyrosine, but it must be
converted into dopamine first.
What is the only 5HT receptor that doesn't activate a G protein signalling cascade? -
Answer 5HT-3
What 2 monoamine receptors positively modulate the PLC (Gq) pathway? - Answer
5HT-2 (serotonin)
Alpha 1 (NE)
What 4 monoamine receptors inhibit the AC pathway (are Gi)? - Answer 5HT-1 & 5
(serotonin)
, Alpha 2 (NE)
D2 (dopamine)
What 5 monoamine receptors activate the AC pathway (are Gs)? - Answer 5HT-4, 6 & 7
(serotonin)
Beta (NE)
D1 (dopamine)
What are the 3 transporters that are responsible for reuptake of monoamines back into
the presynaptic terminal? What does each move? - Answer •NET: norepinephrine
•DAT: dopamine
•SERT: serotonin
What pumps cytosolic neurotransmitters into vesicles to be released back into the
synapse following action potential? - Answer vesicular monoaminergic transporter
(VMAT)
LSD - Answer lysergic acid diethylamide
What is another name for LSD? - Answer acid
Who first isolated LSD? - Answer Dr. Albert Hofmann
What was LSD originally isolated from? - Answer ergot, a fungus that grows on rye.
The LSD awe have today is a form that is more stable in water.
What are the effects of LSD? - Answer dilated pupils, increased heart rate and blood
pressure and hallucinations
What are the adverse psychological effects of LSD? - Answer anxiety, paranoia,
delusions and HPPD
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) - Answer distressing visual
hallucinations that appear following drug use
What type of drug is LSD? What receptor does it act on? - Answer high affinity partial
agonist at 5-HT2a receptors (it also has some affinity for many other receptors)
These are the receptors that cause hallucinations
How do we know 5-HT2a activation is responsible for hallucinations? - Answer Mice that
have been genetically modified to lack these receptors (Knockout) do not show
hallucinogenic like behaviour (head bobs) to LSD
Not all 5HT2A agonist are hallucinogenic. Why? - Answer Biased agonism. LSD activates
Latest Update
What are the 3 monoamine neurotransmitters? - Answer serotonin, norepinephrine, and
dopamine
What are the 4 ways that drugs can manipulate monoamine neurotransmitters? -
Answer 1 - increasing release
2 - blocking reuptake
3 - inhibiting metabolism
4 - activating a receptor
What are the receptors for serotonin called? How many subtypes are there? - Answer
5-HT receptors
There are 7 subtypes
What are the receptors for dopamine called? - Answer D1 and D2
What are the receptors for norepinephrine called? - Answer alpha and beta adrenergic
receptors
What enzyme metabolizes (breaks down) all monoamines? - Answer monoamine
oxidases (MAO)
What amino acid is serotonin made from? - Answer Tryptophan
What amino acid is dopamine made from? - Answer Tyrosine
What amino acid is norepinephrine made from? - Answer Tyrosine, but it must be
converted into dopamine first.
What is the only 5HT receptor that doesn't activate a G protein signalling cascade? -
Answer 5HT-3
What 2 monoamine receptors positively modulate the PLC (Gq) pathway? - Answer
5HT-2 (serotonin)
Alpha 1 (NE)
What 4 monoamine receptors inhibit the AC pathway (are Gi)? - Answer 5HT-1 & 5
(serotonin)
, Alpha 2 (NE)
D2 (dopamine)
What 5 monoamine receptors activate the AC pathway (are Gs)? - Answer 5HT-4, 6 & 7
(serotonin)
Beta (NE)
D1 (dopamine)
What are the 3 transporters that are responsible for reuptake of monoamines back into
the presynaptic terminal? What does each move? - Answer •NET: norepinephrine
•DAT: dopamine
•SERT: serotonin
What pumps cytosolic neurotransmitters into vesicles to be released back into the
synapse following action potential? - Answer vesicular monoaminergic transporter
(VMAT)
LSD - Answer lysergic acid diethylamide
What is another name for LSD? - Answer acid
Who first isolated LSD? - Answer Dr. Albert Hofmann
What was LSD originally isolated from? - Answer ergot, a fungus that grows on rye.
The LSD awe have today is a form that is more stable in water.
What are the effects of LSD? - Answer dilated pupils, increased heart rate and blood
pressure and hallucinations
What are the adverse psychological effects of LSD? - Answer anxiety, paranoia,
delusions and HPPD
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) - Answer distressing visual
hallucinations that appear following drug use
What type of drug is LSD? What receptor does it act on? - Answer high affinity partial
agonist at 5-HT2a receptors (it also has some affinity for many other receptors)
These are the receptors that cause hallucinations
How do we know 5-HT2a activation is responsible for hallucinations? - Answer Mice that
have been genetically modified to lack these receptors (Knockout) do not show
hallucinogenic like behaviour (head bobs) to LSD
Not all 5HT2A agonist are hallucinogenic. Why? - Answer Biased agonism. LSD activates
