Honors Biology First Semester Final
Exam with Complete Solutions
What is the term for the process by which cells convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form
for plants?
✔✔ Nitrogen Fixation
What is the name of the small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA
for degradation?
✔✔ MicroRNA (miRNA)
What is the term for the process in which an organism produces offspring that are genetically
identical to itself?
✔✔ Asexual Reproduction
What is the name of the complex of proteins and DNA found in the nucleus that organizes
genetic material?
✔✔ Chromatin
1
,What is the term for the stage in cellular respiration where acetyl-CoA is broken down to
produce ATP, NADH, and FADH2?
✔✔ Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
What is the name of the molecular machine responsible for translating mRNA into a polypeptide
chain?
✔✔ Ribosome
What is the term for the phenomenon where one gene influences multiple traits?
✔✔ Pleiotropy
What is the name of the process where cells undergo programmed cell death to remove damaged
or unnecessary cells?
✔✔ Apoptosis
What is the term for the genetic exchange that occurs between homologous chromosomes during
meiosis, leading to genetic diversity?
✔✔ Crossing Over
2
, What is the name of the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during replication?
✔✔ Helicase
What is the term for the sequence of amino acids in a protein that determines its function and
structure?
✔✔ Primary Structure
What is the name of the process where cells use vesicles to import large particles or other cells?
✔✔ Phagocytosis
What is the term for the change in allele frequencies in a population over time due to random
sampling effects?
✔✔ Genetic Drift
What is the name of the structure that helps to organize microtubules during cell division?
✔✔ Centrosome
3
Exam with Complete Solutions
What is the term for the process by which cells convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form
for plants?
✔✔ Nitrogen Fixation
What is the name of the small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA
for degradation?
✔✔ MicroRNA (miRNA)
What is the term for the process in which an organism produces offspring that are genetically
identical to itself?
✔✔ Asexual Reproduction
What is the name of the complex of proteins and DNA found in the nucleus that organizes
genetic material?
✔✔ Chromatin
1
,What is the term for the stage in cellular respiration where acetyl-CoA is broken down to
produce ATP, NADH, and FADH2?
✔✔ Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
What is the name of the molecular machine responsible for translating mRNA into a polypeptide
chain?
✔✔ Ribosome
What is the term for the phenomenon where one gene influences multiple traits?
✔✔ Pleiotropy
What is the name of the process where cells undergo programmed cell death to remove damaged
or unnecessary cells?
✔✔ Apoptosis
What is the term for the genetic exchange that occurs between homologous chromosomes during
meiosis, leading to genetic diversity?
✔✔ Crossing Over
2
, What is the name of the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during replication?
✔✔ Helicase
What is the term for the sequence of amino acids in a protein that determines its function and
structure?
✔✔ Primary Structure
What is the name of the process where cells use vesicles to import large particles or other cells?
✔✔ Phagocytosis
What is the term for the change in allele frequencies in a population over time due to random
sampling effects?
✔✔ Genetic Drift
What is the name of the structure that helps to organize microtubules during cell division?
✔✔ Centrosome
3
