TEST BANK For Pilbeams Mechanical Ventilation 8th Edition by
Cairo| Verified Chapter's 1 - 23 | Complete
Pt on a volume cycled ventilator has a bronchospasm - what happens to Vt and PIP? -
ANSWER:Vt is same, PIP increases
Pt on pressure control has an increase in lung secretions - what happens to Vt and
PIP? - ANSWER:Vt decreases, PIP is same
What are the goals of respiratory support? - ANSWER:- oxygenation
- ventilation
- airway protection
- provide anesthesia
- increase efficiency of breathing
- improve ventilation/perfusion relationships
- decrease WOB
What are the two major types of ventilators? What do they do? - ANSWER:negative
pressure - acts like diaphragm, pulls on chest to create vacuum
positive pressure -forces air into lungs
What types of positive pressure ventilators are there? How are they different? -
ANSWER:noninvasive and invasive
noninvasive- CPAP, BiPAP
invasive - anesthesia ventilators and ICU ventilators
invasive has an ETT tube that has positive pressure being put directly into the lungs
noninvasive has no ETT
How does a positive pressure ventilator work? - ANSWER:uses pressures above atm
pressure to push air into lungs, requires use of artificial airway
What are the types of positive pressure ventilators? - ANSWER:pressure cycled, time
cycled, volume cycled
Why are ventilators used in the ICU? - ANSWER:to provide respiratory support to
patients with respiratory failure
What can respiratory failure be caused by? - ANSWER:relative hypoventilation -
increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension (hypercapnia)
failure of diffusion at the alveolar-capillary membrane - decreased arterial oxygen
tension (hypoxemia)
T/F
, Anesthesia ventilators are used on usually healthy pts. - ANSWER:True
What are anesthesia ventilators designed to deliver? - ANSWER:O2, air, NO2, volatile
agents
What is the tidal volume? What is the typical amount delivered? - ANSWER:volume
delivered to lungs with each breath; 6-8 mL/kg
What is the respiratory rate? What is it also called? When should you take caution
setting the RR? - ANSWER:also called frequency or (f), it is the amount of breaths
taken per minute. titrate to desired pH and CO2 goals; take caution in obstructive
lung dz pts
What is PEEP? - ANSWER:alveolar pressure above atmospheric pressure at end-
expiration
What are the targets for FiO2? - ANSWER:Target PaO2 > 60 mmHg and SpO2 > 90%
What is the peak pressure? - ANSWER:maximum pressure felt by the airways on
inspiration - how much pressure is required to generate tidal volume
used to calculated dynamic compliance
What is auto-PEEP? - ANSWER:occurs when pt can't expire --> build up of air in lungs
What is plateau pressure? - ANSWER:pressure applied to the small airways and
alveoli by the ventilator - measured at end inspiration with inspiratory hold
used to calculate static compliance
What is trigger sensitivity? - ANSWER:not usually set; between -1 and -3 cm H2O;
breath triggered when negative inspiratory effort is greater than set sensitivity
more negative = less breaths taken ---> more relaxed
What is the flow rate in modern ventilators? What happens if flow rate is too low? -
ANSWER:60-120 L/min; dyspnea, pt-vent asynchrony, increased WOB (work of
breathing)
How do you set the flow rate for those with an obstructive lung dz? -
ANSWER:increase the flow rate so you can decrease the inspiratory time
What are the three main types of flow patterns? - ANSWER:constant/square,
decelerating, sine
In which pts do we use assist control ventilation? (AC/CMV) - ANSWER:very sick
patients who you don't want to make any respiratory efforts
Cairo| Verified Chapter's 1 - 23 | Complete
Pt on a volume cycled ventilator has a bronchospasm - what happens to Vt and PIP? -
ANSWER:Vt is same, PIP increases
Pt on pressure control has an increase in lung secretions - what happens to Vt and
PIP? - ANSWER:Vt decreases, PIP is same
What are the goals of respiratory support? - ANSWER:- oxygenation
- ventilation
- airway protection
- provide anesthesia
- increase efficiency of breathing
- improve ventilation/perfusion relationships
- decrease WOB
What are the two major types of ventilators? What do they do? - ANSWER:negative
pressure - acts like diaphragm, pulls on chest to create vacuum
positive pressure -forces air into lungs
What types of positive pressure ventilators are there? How are they different? -
ANSWER:noninvasive and invasive
noninvasive- CPAP, BiPAP
invasive - anesthesia ventilators and ICU ventilators
invasive has an ETT tube that has positive pressure being put directly into the lungs
noninvasive has no ETT
How does a positive pressure ventilator work? - ANSWER:uses pressures above atm
pressure to push air into lungs, requires use of artificial airway
What are the types of positive pressure ventilators? - ANSWER:pressure cycled, time
cycled, volume cycled
Why are ventilators used in the ICU? - ANSWER:to provide respiratory support to
patients with respiratory failure
What can respiratory failure be caused by? - ANSWER:relative hypoventilation -
increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension (hypercapnia)
failure of diffusion at the alveolar-capillary membrane - decreased arterial oxygen
tension (hypoxemia)
T/F
, Anesthesia ventilators are used on usually healthy pts. - ANSWER:True
What are anesthesia ventilators designed to deliver? - ANSWER:O2, air, NO2, volatile
agents
What is the tidal volume? What is the typical amount delivered? - ANSWER:volume
delivered to lungs with each breath; 6-8 mL/kg
What is the respiratory rate? What is it also called? When should you take caution
setting the RR? - ANSWER:also called frequency or (f), it is the amount of breaths
taken per minute. titrate to desired pH and CO2 goals; take caution in obstructive
lung dz pts
What is PEEP? - ANSWER:alveolar pressure above atmospheric pressure at end-
expiration
What are the targets for FiO2? - ANSWER:Target PaO2 > 60 mmHg and SpO2 > 90%
What is the peak pressure? - ANSWER:maximum pressure felt by the airways on
inspiration - how much pressure is required to generate tidal volume
used to calculated dynamic compliance
What is auto-PEEP? - ANSWER:occurs when pt can't expire --> build up of air in lungs
What is plateau pressure? - ANSWER:pressure applied to the small airways and
alveoli by the ventilator - measured at end inspiration with inspiratory hold
used to calculate static compliance
What is trigger sensitivity? - ANSWER:not usually set; between -1 and -3 cm H2O;
breath triggered when negative inspiratory effort is greater than set sensitivity
more negative = less breaths taken ---> more relaxed
What is the flow rate in modern ventilators? What happens if flow rate is too low? -
ANSWER:60-120 L/min; dyspnea, pt-vent asynchrony, increased WOB (work of
breathing)
How do you set the flow rate for those with an obstructive lung dz? -
ANSWER:increase the flow rate so you can decrease the inspiratory time
What are the three main types of flow patterns? - ANSWER:constant/square,
decelerating, sine
In which pts do we use assist control ventilation? (AC/CMV) - ANSWER:very sick
patients who you don't want to make any respiratory efforts
