PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 REVISED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood
plasma is located in which of the following fluid compartments?
- CORRECT ANSWER-Intravascular fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of
this weight is ICF? - CORRECT ANSWER-42 L- the total
volume of body water for a 70 kg person is about 42 L (60%)
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse
remembers the elderly are at a higher risk for developing
dehydration because they have a(n): - CORRECT ANSWER-
decreased muscle mass
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a
decreased oncotic pressure in the capillaries? A patient with: -
CORRECT ANSWER-liver failure
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is
determined by: - CORRECT ANSWER-osmotic forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling
forces on fluid movement. Which of the following alterations
would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse
remembers the principle of water balance is closely related to
_____ balance. - CORRECT ANSWER-Sodium
,A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with
edema. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this
condition? - CORRECT ANSWER-Increased capillary
hydrostatic pressure
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER)
because he is incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals
that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is
referred to as: - CORRECT ANSWER-localized edema
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Which information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH
is stimulated by: - CORRECT ANSWER-increased plasma
osmolality
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful
concerning aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in: -
CORRECT ANSWER-increased blood volume
A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting
tumor of the adrenal cortex. Which finding would the nurse
expect to see in the lab results? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Decreased blood K+ levels
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic
hormones. When the patient asks the nurse what do these
hormones do, how should the nurse respond? Natriuretic
hormones affect the balance of: - CORRECT ANSWER-
Sodium
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken
eyes. After diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary
care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a
hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would
be expected? - CORRECT ANSWER-Intracellular dehydration
,Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing
hypernatremia? A patient with: - CORRECT ANSWER-
dehydration
The most common cause of pure water deficit is: - CORRECT
ANSWER-A. renal water loss
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: -
CORRECT ANSWER-Hypertonic hyponatremia
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy,
confusion, and depressed reflexes. His wife indicates that he
does not follow the prescribed diet and takes his medication
sporadically. Lab results indicate hyperglycemia. Which
assessment finding is most likely to occur? - CORRECT
ANSWER-decreased sodium
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which
principle is priority? Hyperkalemia causes a(n) _____ in resting
membrane potential with _____ excitability of cardiac muscle. -
CORRECT ANSWER-increase, increased
Which of the following patients is most prone to
hypochloremia? A patient with: - CORRECT ANSWER-
Increased bicarbonate intake
Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to
monitor for hyperkalemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Acute
acidosis
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient
has long-term potassium deficits? - CORRECT ANSWER-
kidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider
reporting muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities.
Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of the
, following could be the cause of her condition? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Primary hyperaldosteronism
A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider
reporting restlessness, muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab
tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following
could have caused his condition? - CORRECT ANSWER-
acidosis
A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which
assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe? -
CORRECT ANSWER-oliguria
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major
plasma buffering system? - CORRECT ANSWER-carbonic acid
and bicarbonate
A nurse recalls regulation of acid-base balance through
removal or retention of volatile acids is accomplished by the: -
CORRECT ANSWER-lungs
Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid
and bicarbonate exist in a ratio of: - CORRECT ANSWER-20:1
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient
with: - CORRECT ANSWER-Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia
and metabolic acidosis? A patient diagnosed with: - CORRECT
ANSWER-renal failure
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will
compensate by: - CORRECT ANSWER-hyperventilating
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory
acidosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-pneumonia
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood
plasma is located in which of the following fluid compartments?
- CORRECT ANSWER-Intravascular fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of
this weight is ICF? - CORRECT ANSWER-42 L- the total
volume of body water for a 70 kg person is about 42 L (60%)
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse
remembers the elderly are at a higher risk for developing
dehydration because they have a(n): - CORRECT ANSWER-
decreased muscle mass
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a
decreased oncotic pressure in the capillaries? A patient with: -
CORRECT ANSWER-liver failure
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is
determined by: - CORRECT ANSWER-osmotic forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling
forces on fluid movement. Which of the following alterations
would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse
remembers the principle of water balance is closely related to
_____ balance. - CORRECT ANSWER-Sodium
,A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with
edema. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this
condition? - CORRECT ANSWER-Increased capillary
hydrostatic pressure
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER)
because he is incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals
that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is
referred to as: - CORRECT ANSWER-localized edema
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Which information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH
is stimulated by: - CORRECT ANSWER-increased plasma
osmolality
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful
concerning aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in: -
CORRECT ANSWER-increased blood volume
A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting
tumor of the adrenal cortex. Which finding would the nurse
expect to see in the lab results? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Decreased blood K+ levels
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic
hormones. When the patient asks the nurse what do these
hormones do, how should the nurse respond? Natriuretic
hormones affect the balance of: - CORRECT ANSWER-
Sodium
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken
eyes. After diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary
care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a
hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would
be expected? - CORRECT ANSWER-Intracellular dehydration
,Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing
hypernatremia? A patient with: - CORRECT ANSWER-
dehydration
The most common cause of pure water deficit is: - CORRECT
ANSWER-A. renal water loss
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: -
CORRECT ANSWER-Hypertonic hyponatremia
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy,
confusion, and depressed reflexes. His wife indicates that he
does not follow the prescribed diet and takes his medication
sporadically. Lab results indicate hyperglycemia. Which
assessment finding is most likely to occur? - CORRECT
ANSWER-decreased sodium
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which
principle is priority? Hyperkalemia causes a(n) _____ in resting
membrane potential with _____ excitability of cardiac muscle. -
CORRECT ANSWER-increase, increased
Which of the following patients is most prone to
hypochloremia? A patient with: - CORRECT ANSWER-
Increased bicarbonate intake
Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to
monitor for hyperkalemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Acute
acidosis
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient
has long-term potassium deficits? - CORRECT ANSWER-
kidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider
reporting muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities.
Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of the
, following could be the cause of her condition? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Primary hyperaldosteronism
A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider
reporting restlessness, muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab
tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following
could have caused his condition? - CORRECT ANSWER-
acidosis
A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which
assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe? -
CORRECT ANSWER-oliguria
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major
plasma buffering system? - CORRECT ANSWER-carbonic acid
and bicarbonate
A nurse recalls regulation of acid-base balance through
removal or retention of volatile acids is accomplished by the: -
CORRECT ANSWER-lungs
Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid
and bicarbonate exist in a ratio of: - CORRECT ANSWER-20:1
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient
with: - CORRECT ANSWER-Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia
and metabolic acidosis? A patient diagnosed with: - CORRECT
ANSWER-renal failure
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will
compensate by: - CORRECT ANSWER-hyperventilating
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory
acidosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-pneumonia
