Nutrition Final Exam 4

Conception moment when a sperm fertilizes the egg Zygote Fertilized egg in the first 72 hours Embryo Fertilized egg during the third through the eight weeks of pregnancy Placenta is where the nutrients, oxygen, and waste products are exchanged via the umbilical cord Umbilical Cord Cord of blood vessels connecting the fetus to the placenta Fetus Developing offspring that is at least 8 week of pregnancy Critical Periods developmental stages during which cells and tissues rapidly grow and differentiate to form body structure Gestation Period Time of conception until brith (9 months) Increased Risks from exposure to famine during gestation First Trimester Glucose intolerance, Blood lipid profile associated with atherosclerosis, Coronary heart disease, Stress sensitivity, Obesity (women only), Breast Cancer Increased Risks from Exposure to Famine during Gestation Second Trimester Glucose intolerance Kidney Disease Obstructive lung disease Increased risks from exposures to famine during gestation Third trimester Glucose Intolerance lifestyle of prospective fathers may affect their fertility Smoking, alcohol abuse, drug abuse and the rise of certain prescribed medications Obesity - linked to decreasing production and function of sperm Lifestyle that may improve father's fertility Zinc and folate - Linked to the production of healthy sperm Vitamin E and C, and Carotenoids (antioxidants)- may protect sperm damage from free radicals