Cardiovascular Pharmacology -
Pharmacology MCQ ACEM
All of the following anti-hypertensive drugs act directly on vascular smooth muscle
EXCEPT?
1. Nitroprusside
2. Indapamide
3. Prazosin
4. Hydralazine - questions and answers-3. Prazosin
Prazosin selectively blocks α2 receptors in arterioles and venules. It does not act
directly on the vessel.
Indapamide is known to have a direct vasodilating effects on the vessel, by inhibiting the
passage of calcium.
Sodium Nitroprusside's direct vasodilatory effect is via increased intracellular cGMP.
Hydralazine's direct effect is via opening of potassium channels.
All of the following drugs may increase the effect of Digoxin EXCEPT?
1. Carbamazepine
2. Frusemide
3. Amiodorone
4. Verapamil - questions and answers-1. Carbamazepine
The drugs that potentiate effects of Digoxin include:
-Quinidine,
-NSAIDs,
-CCB.
Antibiotics that alter gut flora may increase bioavailability, and catecholamines may
sensitize the myocardium to digitalis induced arrhythmias.
Verapamil and Amiodarone reduce Digoxin clearance.
In normal cells, which of the following drugs shortens the refractory period?
1. Lignocaine
2. Amiodarone
3. Quinidine
4. Procainamide - questions and answers-1. Lignocaine
, Amiodarone - class 1A III, prolongs AP/QRS and ERP.
Sotalol - class III-prolongs QT and ERP.
Quinidine - class 1A Prolongs AP/QRS but also prolongs ERP/QT.
Lignocaine - class 1B- only affects ischaemic tissue and shortens the ERP.
Procainamide - class 1A prolongs AP/QRS and prolongs ERP/QT.
Flecainide - class 1C does not prolong the AP and has no effect on the QT interval.
They increase the QRS duration
NOTE: Lignocaine has only minimal effect on normal cardiac cells.
Regarding calcium channel blockers, which of the following statements is CORRECT?
1. Causes postural hypotension
2. Diltiazem is the prototypical dihydropyridine
3. Verapamil slows AV conduction
4. They are classified as group II antiarrhythmics - questions and answers-3. Verapamil
slows AV conduction
Verapamil is a negative inotropic drug (CCB). Class IV antiarrhythmic.
It slows conduction through the SAN and the AVN. Blockade of the Ca-channel results
in a decrease in cardiac contractility, a decrease in the SAN pacemaker rate, and AVN
conduction velocity.
It blocks L-type voltage gated Ca channels. It is a cardioselective CCB.
Diltiazem and Verapamil are cardioselective CCB and do not belong to dihydropyridine
group.
In the vascular system, arterioles appear to be more sensitive than veins: orthostatic
hypotension is not a common side effect.
Memory device:
Some Block Potassium Channels - I, II, III, IV - NaCB, BB, KCB, CCB
Regarding carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, which of the following statements is
CORRECT?
1. They cause metabolic acidosis
2. They decrease the pH of CSF
3. All of the above
4. They were developed from early antibiotics - questions and answers-3. All of the
above
CAI's are unsubstituted sulfonamide derivatives and were developed when it was noted
that bacteriostatic sulfonamides caused an alkaline duiresis and a hyperchloraemic
Pharmacology MCQ ACEM
All of the following anti-hypertensive drugs act directly on vascular smooth muscle
EXCEPT?
1. Nitroprusside
2. Indapamide
3. Prazosin
4. Hydralazine - questions and answers-3. Prazosin
Prazosin selectively blocks α2 receptors in arterioles and venules. It does not act
directly on the vessel.
Indapamide is known to have a direct vasodilating effects on the vessel, by inhibiting the
passage of calcium.
Sodium Nitroprusside's direct vasodilatory effect is via increased intracellular cGMP.
Hydralazine's direct effect is via opening of potassium channels.
All of the following drugs may increase the effect of Digoxin EXCEPT?
1. Carbamazepine
2. Frusemide
3. Amiodorone
4. Verapamil - questions and answers-1. Carbamazepine
The drugs that potentiate effects of Digoxin include:
-Quinidine,
-NSAIDs,
-CCB.
Antibiotics that alter gut flora may increase bioavailability, and catecholamines may
sensitize the myocardium to digitalis induced arrhythmias.
Verapamil and Amiodarone reduce Digoxin clearance.
In normal cells, which of the following drugs shortens the refractory period?
1. Lignocaine
2. Amiodarone
3. Quinidine
4. Procainamide - questions and answers-1. Lignocaine
, Amiodarone - class 1A III, prolongs AP/QRS and ERP.
Sotalol - class III-prolongs QT and ERP.
Quinidine - class 1A Prolongs AP/QRS but also prolongs ERP/QT.
Lignocaine - class 1B- only affects ischaemic tissue and shortens the ERP.
Procainamide - class 1A prolongs AP/QRS and prolongs ERP/QT.
Flecainide - class 1C does not prolong the AP and has no effect on the QT interval.
They increase the QRS duration
NOTE: Lignocaine has only minimal effect on normal cardiac cells.
Regarding calcium channel blockers, which of the following statements is CORRECT?
1. Causes postural hypotension
2. Diltiazem is the prototypical dihydropyridine
3. Verapamil slows AV conduction
4. They are classified as group II antiarrhythmics - questions and answers-3. Verapamil
slows AV conduction
Verapamil is a negative inotropic drug (CCB). Class IV antiarrhythmic.
It slows conduction through the SAN and the AVN. Blockade of the Ca-channel results
in a decrease in cardiac contractility, a decrease in the SAN pacemaker rate, and AVN
conduction velocity.
It blocks L-type voltage gated Ca channels. It is a cardioselective CCB.
Diltiazem and Verapamil are cardioselective CCB and do not belong to dihydropyridine
group.
In the vascular system, arterioles appear to be more sensitive than veins: orthostatic
hypotension is not a common side effect.
Memory device:
Some Block Potassium Channels - I, II, III, IV - NaCB, BB, KCB, CCB
Regarding carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, which of the following statements is
CORRECT?
1. They cause metabolic acidosis
2. They decrease the pH of CSF
3. All of the above
4. They were developed from early antibiotics - questions and answers-3. All of the
above
CAI's are unsubstituted sulfonamide derivatives and were developed when it was noted
that bacteriostatic sulfonamides caused an alkaline duiresis and a hyperchloraemic
