NURS172 Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
Absolute Refractory Period Correct Answers occurs during and
immediately following depolarization;
the cell is unresponsive to any stimulus
Acid-base balance Correct Answers the exchange of carbon
dioxide for oxygen in the lungs and the renal secretion of
bicarbonate maintain the body's pH bw 7.35-7.45;
high CO2 = lower pH (acidosis)
low CO2 = higher pH (alkalosis)
Acting Out Correct Answers an immature defense mechanism
in which the person deals with emotional conflict or stress by
actions rather than reflection or feelings;
the person is trying to feel less powerless or helpless
acute dystonia Correct Answers acute sustained contraction of
muscles, usually of the head and neck
Acute Kidney Injury Correct Answers acute rapid loss of renal
function;
prerenal: external factors, not anatomical structures, reduce renal
flow and lead to decreased perfusion and filtration;
intrarenal: direct damage to the nephron/functional unit/tissue of
kidney;
postrenal: obstruction of the lower urinary tract;
clinical manifestations include (fluid overload) neck vein
distention, bounding pulse, edema, HTN, heart failure,
,pulmonary edema, pericardial/pulmonary effusion, decreased
urinary output
Acute Kidney Injury Complications Correct Answers
decreased GFR, fluid overload, impaired clearance of
electrolytes and waste products:
neck vein distention, bounding pulse, edema, HTN, heart failure,
pulmonary edema, pericardial and pulmonary effusion;
urinary output decrease to less than 400 mL in 24 hours, lab
abnormalities, lethargy, stupor;
hyperkalemia
Acute Kidney Injury Diagnosis/Treatment Correct Answers
goals are to eliminate the cause, prevent complications and assist
the patient in recovery/supportive measures... diuretic therapy to
treat fluid overload, dialysis, avoid contrast dye, avoid alcohol,
avoid NSAIDs, daily weight;
vital signs, urine output, daily weight, breath sounds, peripheral
vascular system for signs of fluid overload;
help manage anxiety, dietary restrictions (decreased sodium,
limited protein), monitor urine output, avoid NSAIDS, some
antibx, radiological contrast dye, alcohol;
recap: acute, rapid loss of renal function, diuretics
Acute Kidney Injury Phases Correct Answers Initiation stage:
initial;
,Oliguric stage: urine output < 400 mL in 24 hrs;
Diuresis stage: gradual increase in urine output as a result of
correction. Osmotic diuresis resulting from high urea levels;
Recovery stage: GFR increase, and labs return to normal
Acute Limb Ischemia Correct Answers sudden decrease in
blood flow to an extremity that threatens tissue viability;
embolus is most common cause;
severe pain distal to the level of the occlusion that occurs at rest,
affected extremity cold, pulseless, mottled
Acute Mania Interventions Correct Answers decrease stimuli
and one to one observation if necessary;
antipsychotics are often used;
provide for physical safety and those around;
use short, simple sentences to communicate;
remind the patient to respect distances;
provide finger foods that are high in calories to compensate for
increased caloric requirements due to hyperactivity;
promote rest and sleep;
channel the patient's need for movement into socially acceptable
motor activities;
lithium therapy
Addictive Disorder Clinical Presentations Correct Answers
sudden weight loss/gain;
periods of excessive sleep or inability to sleep;
, periods of excessive energy;
chronic nosebleeds;
chronic cough or bronchitis;
pancreatitis;
ascites;
depressed mood;
increased periods of agitation, irritability, anger;
temporary psychosis;
slurred speech;
inability to perform tasks at work, school, home;
stupor or coma;
pupil changes;
poor psychomotor coordination;
nystagmus (rolling back of eyeballs);
impairment in attention and concentration
Addictive Disorders Correct Answers maladaptive pattern of
substance use;
remissions and exacerbations, poses a hazard to health, tolerance
to the substance, withdrawal when the substance is eliminated or
significantly reduced, altered physical or mental state due to use
of substance;
risk factors include unemployment, poor social coping skills,
history of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, chaotic home
environment, history of mental illness, untreated physical pain,
family history of addiction, peer pressure, recent incarceration
Addictive Disorders Interventions Correct Answers substance
specific;
pharmacologic management;
Absolute Refractory Period Correct Answers occurs during and
immediately following depolarization;
the cell is unresponsive to any stimulus
Acid-base balance Correct Answers the exchange of carbon
dioxide for oxygen in the lungs and the renal secretion of
bicarbonate maintain the body's pH bw 7.35-7.45;
high CO2 = lower pH (acidosis)
low CO2 = higher pH (alkalosis)
Acting Out Correct Answers an immature defense mechanism
in which the person deals with emotional conflict or stress by
actions rather than reflection or feelings;
the person is trying to feel less powerless or helpless
acute dystonia Correct Answers acute sustained contraction of
muscles, usually of the head and neck
Acute Kidney Injury Correct Answers acute rapid loss of renal
function;
prerenal: external factors, not anatomical structures, reduce renal
flow and lead to decreased perfusion and filtration;
intrarenal: direct damage to the nephron/functional unit/tissue of
kidney;
postrenal: obstruction of the lower urinary tract;
clinical manifestations include (fluid overload) neck vein
distention, bounding pulse, edema, HTN, heart failure,
,pulmonary edema, pericardial/pulmonary effusion, decreased
urinary output
Acute Kidney Injury Complications Correct Answers
decreased GFR, fluid overload, impaired clearance of
electrolytes and waste products:
neck vein distention, bounding pulse, edema, HTN, heart failure,
pulmonary edema, pericardial and pulmonary effusion;
urinary output decrease to less than 400 mL in 24 hours, lab
abnormalities, lethargy, stupor;
hyperkalemia
Acute Kidney Injury Diagnosis/Treatment Correct Answers
goals are to eliminate the cause, prevent complications and assist
the patient in recovery/supportive measures... diuretic therapy to
treat fluid overload, dialysis, avoid contrast dye, avoid alcohol,
avoid NSAIDs, daily weight;
vital signs, urine output, daily weight, breath sounds, peripheral
vascular system for signs of fluid overload;
help manage anxiety, dietary restrictions (decreased sodium,
limited protein), monitor urine output, avoid NSAIDS, some
antibx, radiological contrast dye, alcohol;
recap: acute, rapid loss of renal function, diuretics
Acute Kidney Injury Phases Correct Answers Initiation stage:
initial;
,Oliguric stage: urine output < 400 mL in 24 hrs;
Diuresis stage: gradual increase in urine output as a result of
correction. Osmotic diuresis resulting from high urea levels;
Recovery stage: GFR increase, and labs return to normal
Acute Limb Ischemia Correct Answers sudden decrease in
blood flow to an extremity that threatens tissue viability;
embolus is most common cause;
severe pain distal to the level of the occlusion that occurs at rest,
affected extremity cold, pulseless, mottled
Acute Mania Interventions Correct Answers decrease stimuli
and one to one observation if necessary;
antipsychotics are often used;
provide for physical safety and those around;
use short, simple sentences to communicate;
remind the patient to respect distances;
provide finger foods that are high in calories to compensate for
increased caloric requirements due to hyperactivity;
promote rest and sleep;
channel the patient's need for movement into socially acceptable
motor activities;
lithium therapy
Addictive Disorder Clinical Presentations Correct Answers
sudden weight loss/gain;
periods of excessive sleep or inability to sleep;
, periods of excessive energy;
chronic nosebleeds;
chronic cough or bronchitis;
pancreatitis;
ascites;
depressed mood;
increased periods of agitation, irritability, anger;
temporary psychosis;
slurred speech;
inability to perform tasks at work, school, home;
stupor or coma;
pupil changes;
poor psychomotor coordination;
nystagmus (rolling back of eyeballs);
impairment in attention and concentration
Addictive Disorders Correct Answers maladaptive pattern of
substance use;
remissions and exacerbations, poses a hazard to health, tolerance
to the substance, withdrawal when the substance is eliminated or
significantly reduced, altered physical or mental state due to use
of substance;
risk factors include unemployment, poor social coping skills,
history of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, chaotic home
environment, history of mental illness, untreated physical pain,
family history of addiction, peer pressure, recent incarceration
Addictive Disorders Interventions Correct Answers substance
specific;
pharmacologic management;
