, CHAPTER h1 The hScience hof hthe hMind
LEARNING
hOBJECTIVES
1.1. Describe hthe hscope hand hgoals hof hcognitive hpsychology.
1.2. Understand hthe hcase hof hH.M., hand hthe hmany hways hthat hmemory hinfluences hour hlives.
1.3. Describe hthe hlimitations hof hintrospection has ha hmethod hfor hscientific hinquiry.
1.4. Compare hand hcontrast hclassical h(Watsonian) hbehaviorism hand hcognitive hpsychology.
1.5. Kant’s h“transcendental hmethod” his hsometimes hcalled h“inference hto hbest hexplanation.” hExplain hthis hmethod
hand hhow hithworks.
1.6. Describe hthe hrole, hin hthe hemergence hof hcognitive hpsychology, hthat hwas hplayed hby hcomputer hscience hand
hthe hdevelop-hment hof h“computer hintelligence.”
MULTIPLE h CHOICE
1. Which hof hthe hfollowing htopics his hNOT hcommonly hstudied hwithin hcognitive hpsychology?
a. anger c. memory
hmanagement
d. Attention
b. decision hmaking
ANS: h h h A DIF: Easy REF: The hScope hof hCognitive
hPsychologyhOBJ: 1.1 MSC: h Understanding
2. Cognitive hprocesses hare hNOT hnecessary hfor hwhich hdaily hactivity?
a. reading ha c. talking hon hthe hphone
hnewspaper
d. breathing
b. studying hfor ha htest
ANS: h D DIF: Easy REF: The hScope hof hCognitive
hPsychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa hwants hto hbe ha hpsychologist hbut his hunsure hwhich htopic hwithin hpsychology hmost hinterests hher.
hWhich hof hthehfollowing htopics hwould hbe hLEAST hlikely hto hlead hher hinto hcognitive hpsychology?
a. amnesia c. Lyme hdisease
b. language d. problem-solving hstrategies
hacquisition
,ANS: h h h C DIF: Easy REF: The hScope hof hCognitive
hPsychologyhOBJ: 1.1 MSC: h Applying
4. Consider hthe hsequence h―Betsy hwanted hto hbring hJacob ha hpresent. hShe hshook hher hpiggy hbank.‖ hMost
hpeople, hafter hhearing hthis hsequence, hbelieve hBetsy hwas hchecking hher hpiggy hbank hto hsee hif hshe hhad hmoney hto hspend
hon hthe hgift. hThis hinference habouthBetsy‘s hgoals hdepends hon hthe hfact hthat
a. our hprevious hknowledge hfills hin hbackground hinformation hwhenever hwe‘re hunderstanding
han heventhor hconversation.
b. readers hare hlikely hto hknow hsomeone hnamed hJacob.
c. English, hunlike hother hlanguages, hrequires hspeakers hto hmention hall hof hthe hpeople
hinvolved hin hanhevent.
d. the hindividual hsentences hare hshort.
ANS: h h h A DIF: Easy REF: The hBroad hRole hfor
hMemoryhOBJ: 1.1 MSC: h Understanding
5. Which hof hthe hfollowing hstatements his hLEAST hlikely hto happly hto hpatient hH.M.?
a. ―He hcannot hremember hwhat hhe hdid hearlier htoday, hincluding hevents hthat htook hplace hjust han hhour hago.‖
b. ―He hread hthis hstory hlast hmonth, hbut hhe hwas hstill hsurprised hby hhow hthe hstory hturned hout.‖
c. ―Even hthough hhe hhas hencountered hthe hnurse hmany htimes, hhe his hstill hunable hto hrecognize hher.‖
d. ―He hremembered hthat hit hwas honly ha hweek hago hthat hhe‘d hheard hthe hsad hnews hthat hhis huncle hhad hdied.‖
ANS: h h h D DIF: Moderate REF: Amnesia hand hMemory
hLosshOBJ: 1.2 MSC: h Applying
6. Research hwith hH.M. hprovides han hillustration hfor hwhich hmajor htheme hof hthe hchapter?
a. Introspection his han himportant hresearch htool hfor hcognitive hpsychologists.
b. Cognitive hpsychology hcan hhelp hus hunderstand ha hwide hrange hof hactivities hthat hdepend hon
hsomeone‘shability hto hremember.
c. Memory his hnot hvery himportant.
d. The hdisruption hcaused hby hbrain hdamage hdepends hon hhow hwidespread h the hdamage his,
hand hnot hon hthehspecific hsites hthat hare hdamaged.
ANS: h B DIF: Moderate REF: The hScope hof hCognitive
hPsychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients hsuffering hfrom hclinical hamnesia hare hcharacterized hby
a. memory hdysfunction. c. inarticulate hspeech.
b. an hinability hto hrecognize d. impaired hlanguage hcomprehension.
hpatterns.
ANS: h h h A DIF: Easy REF: Amnesia hand hMemory
hLosshOBJ: 1.2 MSC: h Remembering
8. The hterm h―introspection‖ hrefers hto hthe
a. process hby hwhich hone hindividual hseeks hto hinfer hthe hthoughts hof hanother hindividual.
b. procedure hof hexamining hthought hprocessing hby hmonitoring hthe hbrain‘s helectrical hactivity.
, c. process hof heach hperson hlooking hwithin, hto hobserve hhis hor hher hown hthoughts hand hideas.
d. technique hof hstudying hthought hby hinterpreting hthe hsymbols hused hin hcommunication.
ANS: h h h C DIF: Easy REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospectionhOBJ: 1.3 MSC: h Remembering
9. A hparticipant his hasked hto hlook hwithin hhimself hor hherself hand hreport hon hhis hor hher hown hmental hprocesses.
hThis hmethod
is hcalled
a. logical c. introspection.
hinference.
hd.
b. reconstruction.
ANS: h h h C DIF: Easy REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospectionhOBJ: 1.3 MSC: h Remembering
10. Of hthe hfollowing, hintrospection his hLEAST huseful hfor hstudying
a. topics hthat hare hstrongly hcolored hby hemotion.
b. mental hevents hthat hare hunconscious.
c. processes hthat hinvolve hconceptual hknowledge.
d. events hthat htake ha hlong htime hto hunfold.
ANS: h h h B DIF: Moderate REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospectionhOBJ: 1.3 MSC: h Understanding
11. Which hof hthe hfollowing hstatements habout hintrospection his hFALSE?
a. It his hthe honly hway hto hobserve hconscious hevents hdirectly.
b. It his hsubjective.
c. It hprovides hstrong hevidence hfor hhypothesis-testing.
d. It hwas ha htechnique hused hhistorically hto hstudy hcognition.
ANS: h h h C DIF: Moderate REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospectionhOBJ: 1.3 MSC: h Understanding
12. Genie hwonders hwhy hshe hcan hnever hremember hthe hnames hof hnew hacquaintances. hIn hsearch hof han hanswer,
hshe hexamineshand hreflects hon hher hfeelings habout hmeeting hnew hpeople. hGenie his hengaged h in hwhich hprocess?
a. practical c. learning hhistory hanalysis
hrehearsal
d. goal hretrieval
b. introspection
ANS: h h h B DIF: Moderate REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospectionhOBJ: 1.3 MSC: h Applying
13. Introspection hwas hemployed has ha hresearch htool hin hthe hlate h1800s hbecause
a. it hwas hregarded has hthe honly hway hto hobserve hthe hmind‘s hcontents hdirectly.
b. it hprovided hdata hfrom hindividuals hwithout hany hspecialized htraining.
c. conscious hevents hare hjust has himportant has hunconscious hevents.
LEARNING
hOBJECTIVES
1.1. Describe hthe hscope hand hgoals hof hcognitive hpsychology.
1.2. Understand hthe hcase hof hH.M., hand hthe hmany hways hthat hmemory hinfluences hour hlives.
1.3. Describe hthe hlimitations hof hintrospection has ha hmethod hfor hscientific hinquiry.
1.4. Compare hand hcontrast hclassical h(Watsonian) hbehaviorism hand hcognitive hpsychology.
1.5. Kant’s h“transcendental hmethod” his hsometimes hcalled h“inference hto hbest hexplanation.” hExplain hthis hmethod
hand hhow hithworks.
1.6. Describe hthe hrole, hin hthe hemergence hof hcognitive hpsychology, hthat hwas hplayed hby hcomputer hscience hand
hthe hdevelop-hment hof h“computer hintelligence.”
MULTIPLE h CHOICE
1. Which hof hthe hfollowing htopics his hNOT hcommonly hstudied hwithin hcognitive hpsychology?
a. anger c. memory
hmanagement
d. Attention
b. decision hmaking
ANS: h h h A DIF: Easy REF: The hScope hof hCognitive
hPsychologyhOBJ: 1.1 MSC: h Understanding
2. Cognitive hprocesses hare hNOT hnecessary hfor hwhich hdaily hactivity?
a. reading ha c. talking hon hthe hphone
hnewspaper
d. breathing
b. studying hfor ha htest
ANS: h D DIF: Easy REF: The hScope hof hCognitive
hPsychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa hwants hto hbe ha hpsychologist hbut his hunsure hwhich htopic hwithin hpsychology hmost hinterests hher.
hWhich hof hthehfollowing htopics hwould hbe hLEAST hlikely hto hlead hher hinto hcognitive hpsychology?
a. amnesia c. Lyme hdisease
b. language d. problem-solving hstrategies
hacquisition
,ANS: h h h C DIF: Easy REF: The hScope hof hCognitive
hPsychologyhOBJ: 1.1 MSC: h Applying
4. Consider hthe hsequence h―Betsy hwanted hto hbring hJacob ha hpresent. hShe hshook hher hpiggy hbank.‖ hMost
hpeople, hafter hhearing hthis hsequence, hbelieve hBetsy hwas hchecking hher hpiggy hbank hto hsee hif hshe hhad hmoney hto hspend
hon hthe hgift. hThis hinference habouthBetsy‘s hgoals hdepends hon hthe hfact hthat
a. our hprevious hknowledge hfills hin hbackground hinformation hwhenever hwe‘re hunderstanding
han heventhor hconversation.
b. readers hare hlikely hto hknow hsomeone hnamed hJacob.
c. English, hunlike hother hlanguages, hrequires hspeakers hto hmention hall hof hthe hpeople
hinvolved hin hanhevent.
d. the hindividual hsentences hare hshort.
ANS: h h h A DIF: Easy REF: The hBroad hRole hfor
hMemoryhOBJ: 1.1 MSC: h Understanding
5. Which hof hthe hfollowing hstatements his hLEAST hlikely hto happly hto hpatient hH.M.?
a. ―He hcannot hremember hwhat hhe hdid hearlier htoday, hincluding hevents hthat htook hplace hjust han hhour hago.‖
b. ―He hread hthis hstory hlast hmonth, hbut hhe hwas hstill hsurprised hby hhow hthe hstory hturned hout.‖
c. ―Even hthough hhe hhas hencountered hthe hnurse hmany htimes, hhe his hstill hunable hto hrecognize hher.‖
d. ―He hremembered hthat hit hwas honly ha hweek hago hthat hhe‘d hheard hthe hsad hnews hthat hhis huncle hhad hdied.‖
ANS: h h h D DIF: Moderate REF: Amnesia hand hMemory
hLosshOBJ: 1.2 MSC: h Applying
6. Research hwith hH.M. hprovides han hillustration hfor hwhich hmajor htheme hof hthe hchapter?
a. Introspection his han himportant hresearch htool hfor hcognitive hpsychologists.
b. Cognitive hpsychology hcan hhelp hus hunderstand ha hwide hrange hof hactivities hthat hdepend hon
hsomeone‘shability hto hremember.
c. Memory his hnot hvery himportant.
d. The hdisruption hcaused hby hbrain hdamage hdepends hon hhow hwidespread h the hdamage his,
hand hnot hon hthehspecific hsites hthat hare hdamaged.
ANS: h B DIF: Moderate REF: The hScope hof hCognitive
hPsychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients hsuffering hfrom hclinical hamnesia hare hcharacterized hby
a. memory hdysfunction. c. inarticulate hspeech.
b. an hinability hto hrecognize d. impaired hlanguage hcomprehension.
hpatterns.
ANS: h h h A DIF: Easy REF: Amnesia hand hMemory
hLosshOBJ: 1.2 MSC: h Remembering
8. The hterm h―introspection‖ hrefers hto hthe
a. process hby hwhich hone hindividual hseeks hto hinfer hthe hthoughts hof hanother hindividual.
b. procedure hof hexamining hthought hprocessing hby hmonitoring hthe hbrain‘s helectrical hactivity.
, c. process hof heach hperson hlooking hwithin, hto hobserve hhis hor hher hown hthoughts hand hideas.
d. technique hof hstudying hthought hby hinterpreting hthe hsymbols hused hin hcommunication.
ANS: h h h C DIF: Easy REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospectionhOBJ: 1.3 MSC: h Remembering
9. A hparticipant his hasked hto hlook hwithin hhimself hor hherself hand hreport hon hhis hor hher hown hmental hprocesses.
hThis hmethod
is hcalled
a. logical c. introspection.
hinference.
hd.
b. reconstruction.
ANS: h h h C DIF: Easy REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospectionhOBJ: 1.3 MSC: h Remembering
10. Of hthe hfollowing, hintrospection his hLEAST huseful hfor hstudying
a. topics hthat hare hstrongly hcolored hby hemotion.
b. mental hevents hthat hare hunconscious.
c. processes hthat hinvolve hconceptual hknowledge.
d. events hthat htake ha hlong htime hto hunfold.
ANS: h h h B DIF: Moderate REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospectionhOBJ: 1.3 MSC: h Understanding
11. Which hof hthe hfollowing hstatements habout hintrospection his hFALSE?
a. It his hthe honly hway hto hobserve hconscious hevents hdirectly.
b. It his hsubjective.
c. It hprovides hstrong hevidence hfor hhypothesis-testing.
d. It hwas ha htechnique hused hhistorically hto hstudy hcognition.
ANS: h h h C DIF: Moderate REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospectionhOBJ: 1.3 MSC: h Understanding
12. Genie hwonders hwhy hshe hcan hnever hremember hthe hnames hof hnew hacquaintances. hIn hsearch hof han hanswer,
hshe hexamineshand hreflects hon hher hfeelings habout hmeeting hnew hpeople. hGenie his hengaged h in hwhich hprocess?
a. practical c. learning hhistory hanalysis
hrehearsal
d. goal hretrieval
b. introspection
ANS: h h h B DIF: Moderate REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospectionhOBJ: 1.3 MSC: h Applying
13. Introspection hwas hemployed has ha hresearch htool hin hthe hlate h1800s hbecause
a. it hwas hregarded has hthe honly hway hto hobserve hthe hmind‘s hcontents hdirectly.
b. it hprovided hdata hfrom hindividuals hwithout hany hspecialized htraining.
c. conscious hevents hare hjust has himportant has hunconscious hevents.
