NURS 549 Drexel Cardiovascular Test
With Complete Solution
Diuretics - ANSWER Ion transport inhibitors that impact reabsorption of
electrolytes. The movement of H2O is incidental by an osmotic gradient
Types of Diuretics - ANSWER 1. Loop- most efficacious, work outside of the
lumen
2. Thiazide- only one with active site on the luminal surface, needs decent
renal perfusion (GFR> 30)
3. Potassium sparing- important for electrolyte manipulation. Only available
PO
Side Effects - ANSWER 1. Dry mouth
2. Electrolyte imbalance
3. Thiazides have unintended effect of excretion if other solutes *potentiate
uric acid retention!
Beta Adrenergic Blockers - ANSWER Relieve workload by preventing
sympathetic stimulation of beta 1 receptors in the heart. Also prevent renin
release and water retention in the kidneys.
**Some BB are not beta 1 specific or lose specificity in high doses! Blockade
of beta 2 receptors in the lung can be a problem in patients with reactive
airway disease
Beta 1 Selective Drugs - ANSWER 1. Atenolol (Tenormin)
, 2. Penbutolol (Levarol)
3. Acebutolol (Sectral)
4. Metoprolol (Lopressor)
5. Esmolol (Brevibloc)
Beta 1 and Beta 2 - ANSWER 1. Propranolol (Inderal)
2. Nadolol (Corgard)
3. Pindolol (Visken)
4. Carvedilol (Coreg)
5. Labetolol (Trandate)
Nebivolol (Bystolic) - ANSWER The most cardioselective BB that also
increases nitric oxide release. ONLY indication is for hypertension
BB Side Effects - ANSWER 1. Bradycardia
2. Hypotension
3. CHF - can worsen cases of profound HF
4. B2 receptor inhibition:
-Bronchospasm
-inability to launch sympathetic response
-Fatigue, weakness
-inability to ejaculate
-CNS depression (may be used for anxiety)
With Complete Solution
Diuretics - ANSWER Ion transport inhibitors that impact reabsorption of
electrolytes. The movement of H2O is incidental by an osmotic gradient
Types of Diuretics - ANSWER 1. Loop- most efficacious, work outside of the
lumen
2. Thiazide- only one with active site on the luminal surface, needs decent
renal perfusion (GFR> 30)
3. Potassium sparing- important for electrolyte manipulation. Only available
PO
Side Effects - ANSWER 1. Dry mouth
2. Electrolyte imbalance
3. Thiazides have unintended effect of excretion if other solutes *potentiate
uric acid retention!
Beta Adrenergic Blockers - ANSWER Relieve workload by preventing
sympathetic stimulation of beta 1 receptors in the heart. Also prevent renin
release and water retention in the kidneys.
**Some BB are not beta 1 specific or lose specificity in high doses! Blockade
of beta 2 receptors in the lung can be a problem in patients with reactive
airway disease
Beta 1 Selective Drugs - ANSWER 1. Atenolol (Tenormin)
, 2. Penbutolol (Levarol)
3. Acebutolol (Sectral)
4. Metoprolol (Lopressor)
5. Esmolol (Brevibloc)
Beta 1 and Beta 2 - ANSWER 1. Propranolol (Inderal)
2. Nadolol (Corgard)
3. Pindolol (Visken)
4. Carvedilol (Coreg)
5. Labetolol (Trandate)
Nebivolol (Bystolic) - ANSWER The most cardioselective BB that also
increases nitric oxide release. ONLY indication is for hypertension
BB Side Effects - ANSWER 1. Bradycardia
2. Hypotension
3. CHF - can worsen cases of profound HF
4. B2 receptor inhibition:
-Bronchospasm
-inability to launch sympathetic response
-Fatigue, weakness
-inability to ejaculate
-CNS depression (may be used for anxiety)
