Basic Textiles 1.1 Reader 3 summary

Reader 3: Spun yarns

General
Spun yarns can be composed of both fibers that are relatively short and fibers that are long
(2,5+ inch).




Yarn numbers
Worsted Count (Nw): the number of 560 yard lengths of yarn (“hanks”) that it takes to
weigh one pound.
A Nw 36 yarn means it takes 36x 560-yard lengths of yarn to weigh one pound.
Usually long staple yarns (wool).

Denier: represents the weight in grams of 9,000 meters yarn.
A 70 denier yarn weighs 70 grams per 9,000 meters.

Tex: weight in grams of 1,000 meters of yarn.
A 20 tex yarn weighs 20 grams per 1,000 meters.
Dtex: weight in grams of 10,000 meters of yarn.

, Ring Spun
Carded Yarns




1. Fibers are plucked from bales and delivered to opening machinery.
2. Machinery separates the fibers, removes heavier trash particles, provides blending
opportunities.
3. Carding  converts fibers into continuous strand = sliver.
4. Multiple card slivers fed in 1 or more drawing processes to improve sliver quality.
5. Drawing sliver  roving = strand of lightly twisted fibers.
6. Roving is fed into ring spinning machines
7. Yarn is formed, placed onto small bobbins, transported to winding machines.
8. Yarn is wound onto cones/ tubes.

Combed Ring Spun Yarns




AFTER CARDING:
1. Lap winding process
2. Combing